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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Enroute Controller” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #178 of 702. Estimated risk: 11.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

57%

“Enroute Controller” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 57% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

43%

“Enroute Controller” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 43% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Air Traffic Controllers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport, and movement of air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers, according to established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to government or company regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety.

Avg. Annual Salary $142,740
Avg. Hourly Wage $68.62
Available Jobs (US) 22,400
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Air Traffic Controllers #53-2021
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Air Traffic Controllers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Conduct pre-flight briefings on weather conditions, suggested routes, altitudes, indications of turbulence, or other flight safety information.

  • Determine the timing or procedures for flight vector changes.

  • Provide on-the-job training to new air traffic controllers.

  • Complete daily activity reports and keep records of messages from aircraft.

  • Initiate or coordinate searches for missing aircraft.

  • Inspect, adjust, or control radio equipment or airport lights.

  • Compile information about flights from flight plans, pilot reports, radar, or observations.

  • Review records or reports for clarity and completeness and maintain records or reports, as required under federal law.

  • Monitor or direct the movement of aircraft within an assigned air space or on the ground at airports to minimize delays and maximize safety.

  • Analyze factors such as weather reports, fuel requirements, or maps to determine air routes.

  • Monitor aircraft within a specific airspace, using radar, computer equipment, or visual references.

  • Maintain radio or telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units, or other area control centers to coordinate aircraft movement.

  • Relay air traffic information, such as courses, altitudes, or expected arrival times, to control centers.

  • Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions.

  • Organize flight plans or traffic management plans to prepare for planes about to enter assigned airspace.

  • Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems.

  • Check conditions and traffic at different altitudes in response to pilots' requests for altitude changes.

  • Direct pilots to runways when space is available or direct them to maintain a traffic pattern until there is space for them to land.

  • Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations.

  • Contact pilots by radio to provide meteorological, navigational, or other information.

  • Direct ground traffic, including taxiing aircraft, maintenance or baggage vehicles, or airport workers.

  • Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights.

  • Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.

Technologies & Software

  • Grok (xAI)
  • Multi-center traffic management advisor McTMA
  • SAP software
  • Traffic management advisor TMA software
  • Microsoft Access
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Automated radar terminal systems ARTS
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Direct-to-tool software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Mobileye AI
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Center TRACON automation systems CTAS
  • Waymo (Autonomous Driving)
  • Advanced technologies and oceanic procedures ATOP
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Project44 AI Logistics
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Final approach spacing tool FAST
  • Llama (Meta)
  • En route descent advisor EDA
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Expedite departure path EDP software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • DeepSeek
  • Gatik AI
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Flight simulation software
  • Tesla Autopilot
  • Area navigation RNAV systems
  • Transponder landing systems TLS
  • Precision runway monitor PRM
  • Airport surface detection equipment ASDE systems
  • Flight simulators
  • Long range navigation systems LRNS
  • Desktop computers
  • Nondirectional radio beacon markers
  • Standard terminal automation replacement systems STARS
  • Frequency modulation FM two way radios
  • Mode S radar systems
  • Microwave landing systems MLS
  • Very high frequency VHF radio communication systems
  • Ultra high frequency UHF radio communication systems
  • Automatic direction finder ADF radio systems
  • Wide area augmentation systems WAAS
  • Differential global positioning system DGPS surveillance systems
  • Air route surveillance radar ARSR systems
  • Distance measuring equipment DME
  • Mainframe computers
  • Personal computers
  • Binoculars
  • Controller pilot datalink communication CPDC systems
  • Airport surveillance radar ASR systems
  • Global positioning system GPS surveillance systems
  • Local area augmentation systems LAAS
  • High frequency HF radio communications systems
  • Digital airport surveillance radar DASR systems