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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Sustaining Engineer” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #120 of 702. Estimated risk: 3.7%

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AI Exposure Risk

61%

“Sustaining Engineer” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 61% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Sustaining Engineer” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.

Avg. Annual Salary $115,020
Avg. Hourly Wage $55.30
Available Jobs (US) 21,860
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers #17-2031
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Develop methodologies for transferring procedures or biological processes from laboratories to commercial-scale manufacturing production.

  • Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.

  • Prepare technical reports, data summary documents, or research articles for scientific publication, regulatory submissions, or patent applications.

  • Analyze new medical procedures to forecast likely outcomes.

  • Recommend process formulas, instrumentation, or equipment specifications, based on results of bench or pilot experimentation.

  • Develop bioremediation processes to reduce pollution, protect the environment, or treat waste products.

  • Design or conduct follow-up experimentation, based on generated data, to meet established process objectives.

  • Advise hospital administrators on the planning, acquisition, and use of medical equipment.

  • Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.

  • Design or develop medical diagnostic or clinical instrumentation, equipment, or procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.

  • Conduct training or in-services to educate clinicians and other personnel on proper use of equipment.

  • Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating or using budgets, or overseeing contract obligations or deadlines.

  • Communicate with bioregulatory authorities regarding licensing or compliance responsibilities.

  • Develop statistical models or simulations, using statistical or modeling software.

  • Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.

  • Prepare project plans for equipment or facility improvements, including time lines, budgetary estimates, or capital spending requests.

  • Read current scientific or trade literature to stay abreast of scientific, industrial, or technological advances.

  • Lead studies to examine or recommend changes in process sequences or operation protocols.

  • Design and deliver technology, such as prosthetic devices, to assist people with disabilities.

  • Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.

  • Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.

  • Design or direct bench or pilot production experiments to determine the scale of production methods that optimize product yield and minimize production costs.

  • Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.

  • Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.

  • Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.

  • Review existing manufacturing processes to identify opportunities for yield improvement or reduced process variation.

  • Communicate with suppliers regarding the design or specifications of bioproduction equipment, instrumentation, or materials.

  • Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.

  • Advise manufacturing staff regarding problems with fermentation, filtration, or other bioproduction processes.

  • Maintain databases of experiment characteristics or results.

Technologies & Software

  • Finite element analysis FEA software
  • Fault modeling software
  • PTC Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire
  • System testing software
  • Thomson Reuters EndNote
  • Biomechanical modeling software
  • GitHub Copilot
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Numerical analysis software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Computational fluid dynamics CFD software
  • SAP BusinessObjects Crystal Reports
  • OrCAD Capture
  • Verilog
  • Gemini Code Assist
  • Diagramming software
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR software
  • Dassault Systemes SolidWorks
  • Computer aided design CAD software
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Excel
  • AspenTech HYSYS
  • IBM Rational ClearQuest
  • Unified modeling language UML
  • Instrument control software
  • C++
  • Test automation software
  • ADInstruments LabChart
  • Defect tracking software
  • Structured query language SQL
  • ApE A Plasmid Editor
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Fault tree analysis FTA software
  • Failure rate database software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Finite element method FEM software
  • Functional modeling software
  • UNIX
  • Ada
  • Oracle Java
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Microsoft Project
  • Llama (Meta)
  • MathWorks Simulink
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Molecular simulation software
  • Hardware description language HDL
  • Electronic design automation EDA software
  • Medical information software
  • Electromechanical testing analysis software
  • Force sensitive applications FSA software
  • ImageJ
  • Oracle Database
  • Charting software
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Root cause analysis software
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux
  • Cadence Allegro Design Entry Capture and Capture CIS
  • Reliability centered maintenance RCM software
  • R
  • PTC Creo Elements/Pro
  • Three-dimensional motion capture software
  • Software development tools
  • Failure mode and effects analysis FMEA software
  • Neural network modeling software
  • Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
  • ERP software
  • Perplexity AI
  • Polymath Software POLYMATH
  • SAS
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • C
  • NeuroSolutions for MatLab
  • SNOINO Ttree
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis SPICE
  • Medical imaging software
  • Image analysis software
  • Preventive maintenance software
  • Technis BETAPLUS
  • Zuken electrical design software
  • Linux
  • Computational modeling software
  • Calculating optimum maintenance parameters COMPARE
  • Word processing software
  • DeepSeek
  • Gait analysis software
  • Mean time between failures MBTF software
  • Autodesk AI
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Schematic design entry software
  • Virtual instrument software
  • Instrument validation software
  • Requirements management software
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Force platform software
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • JavaScript
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Circuit simulation software
  • Python
  • Lucidchart
  • SAS JMP
  • Human modeling software
  • Hypertext preprocessor PHP
  • Electromyograph analysis software
  • Systems analysis programs for hands on integrated reliability evaluation software SAPHIRE
  • Motion analysis software
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Microsoft Access
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Project estimation software
  • SAP software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Ab Initio
  • Embedded systems testing software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Advanced computer simulation language ACSL
  • Integrated development environment IDE software
  • ANSYS simulation software
  • Cadence Encounter Test
  • ANSYS AI Simulation
  • Failure rate data in perspective FARADIP software
  • Stratasys FDM MedModeler
  • Intelligen SuperPro Designer
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Criticality analysis software
  • User interface design software
  • Calibration software
  • Microsoft Teams
  • IBM Rational ClearCase
  • Common cause failure assessment software
  • IBM Rational RequisitePro
  • Stochastic modeling software
  • Splunk Enterprise
  • Dyadem FMEA Pro-6
  • AutoCAD AI
  • Hierarchical simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis HSPICE
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Minitab
  • Equipment compliance testing software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Bioreactor Design
  • Mentor Graphics software
  • SNOINO RCM Pro
  • Rapid application development RAD software
  • Rapid prototyping software
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Materials testing software
  • Multi-photon microscopes
  • Soft materials in-vitro simulation system
  • Electrosurgery testing devices
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Laptop computers
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Inverted light microscopes
  • Spirometers
  • X ray machines
  • Piezoelectric ceramic transducers
  • Servopneumatic actuators
  • Polymer matrices
  • Strain gauge conditioners
  • Material fatigue and dynamics characterization devices
  • Oxygen meters
  • Flow cytometers
  • Total organic carbon TOC analyzers
  • Glass micromolds
  • Material tension/compression testing devices
  • Electrode pullers
  • Eye tracking devices
  • Electroplating apparatus
  • Incubator performance analyzers
  • Basic stamp microcontrollers
  • Sugar analyzers
  • Automatic titrators
  • Impact testers
  • Ultrasound transducers
  • Force platforms
  • Non-invasive blood pressure monitor analyzers
  • Gas flow control systems
  • Toxic gas detectors
  • Ultraviolet spectrophotometers
  • Isolators
  • High pressure liquid chromatographs HPLC
  • Pulsating bubble surfactometers PBS
  • Ventilator performance analyzers
  • Ultrasound wattmeters
  • Refractive index detectors
  • Analytical balances
  • Automated particle counters
  • Micropumps
  • Camcorders
  • Pacemaker testing devices
  • Environmental conditions measurement devices
  • Rheometers
  • Bio-sensors
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Strain gauges
  • Electrode bevelers
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Sterilization-in-place equipment
  • Bomb calorimeters
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Patient monitoring testing devices
  • Centrifuges
  • Grip dynamometers
  • Surface area analyzers
  • Ion exchange purification systems
  • Polygraph recorders
  • Optical coherence tomography OCT scanners
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Ultrasound imaging scanners
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI scanners
  • Molecular vacuum pumps
  • Deflectors
  • Microplate spectrophotometers
  • Endovascular stent-graft testing instruments
  • Opto-electronic electrogoniometers
  • Plasma excitation chambers
  • Radiation compliance testing devices
  • Flash point detectors
  • Gel documentation systems
  • Spinal disk implant wear testers
  • Condensation nuclei counters CNC
  • Microplating equipment
  • Autosamplers
  • Biomimetic robots
  • Pressure sensors
  • Microcontrollers
  • Bacteria-based biosensors
  • Pressure and temperature measurement devices
  • Bioreactors
  • Ultraviolet spectrometers
  • Accelerometers
  • Digital luxmeters
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Desktop computers
  • Superconducting quantum interference devices SQUID
  • Cardiovascular prosthetic device testers
  • Anthropometers
  • Intravenous IV pump analyzers
  • Enzymatic membrane reactors
  • Microfluidic networks
  • Digital cameras
  • Optical tomographic imaging scanners
  • Acoustic measurement systems
  • Sublimation printers
  • Dynamometers
  • Autoclaves
  • Electroblotting apparatus
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopes
  • Personal computers
  • Capillary electrophoresis systems
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Finger joint flexure testers
  • Polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Pinch gauges
  • Two-point discriminators
  • Prosthetic limb testers
  • Aerosol analyzers
  • Grass stimulators
  • Medical radiation dosimeters
  • Biomagnetic imaging scanners
  • pH meters
  • Load sensors
  • Environmental growth chambers
  • Extruders
  • Particle size classifiers
  • Tensionmeters
  • Motion actuators
  • Protein gel electrophoresis
  • Optical particle counters
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Fluorospectrometers
  • Radio frequency amplifiers
  • Defibrillator testing devices
  • Multimeters
  • Activity monitoring devices
  • Microvalves
  • Spine simulators
  • Biomedical device electrical safety testers
  • Electromyographs EMG
  • Ion trap mass spectrometers
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Insole sensors
  • Optical traps
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Ultrasonic testing apparatus
  • High-speed digital cameras
  • Acousto-optic modulators
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA synthesizers
  • Torsiometers
  • Multi-axis kinematic knee simulators
  • Hardness testing devices
  • Optical particle detectors
  • Electrical particle detectors
  • Physical conditioning treadmill exercisers
  • Plant photosynthesis meters
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Dissolved oxygen polarographic measurement devices
  • Laser ablation machines
  • Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT scanners
  • Thermal cyclers
  • Posturographic measurement systems
  • Micromolding lithography equipment
  • Microbial fermenters
  • Arbitrary waveform generators
  • Microplate washers
  • Polymer scaffolds
  • Footswitch sensors
  • Fluorescence microscopes
  • Quantum-based switching applications Q-switch electron waveguides
  • 3T scanners
  • Pacemaker analyzers
  • Bio-signal simulators
  • Pulse oximeters
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Milling machines
  • Microplate readers
  • Circuit analyzers
  • Frequency shifters
  • Biosafety cabinets
  • Incubators
  • Cell culture bioreactors
  • Axial-torsional testing systems
  • Ultrasound indention probes
  • Ellipsometers
  • Freeze dryers
  • Scanning probe microscopes SPM
  • Ultra high speed magnetic resonance imaging MRI scanner machines
  • Microelectrodes
  • Aerosol generators
  • Dissolved oxygen probes
  • Servopneumatic axial test instruments
  • Fast protein liquid chromatographs FPLC
  • Molecular cytosensors
  • Bio-signal amplifiers
  • Micromanipulation microrheology microscopes
  • Oscilloscopes
  • Digital sonomicrometers
  • Plastic injection molding machines
  • Piezoelectric sensors
  • Skinfold calipers
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Flow control devices
  • Quadrupole mass spectrometers
  • Cone-plate viscometers
  • Low-pressure impactors
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Pressure transducers
  • X ray lithography equipment
  • Viscometers
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA plate readers
  • Rapid toxicity testing systems
  • Contact angle goniometers
  • Chemiluminescence analyzers
  • Immuno-sensors
  • Maskless photolithography equipment
  • Orbital shakers