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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Sustaining Engineer” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #120 of 702. Estimated risk: 3.7%

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AI Exposure Risk

61%

“Sustaining Engineer” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 61% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Sustaining Engineer” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.

Avg. Annual Salary $115,020
Avg. Hourly Wage $55.30
Available Jobs (US) 21,860
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers #17-2031
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Communicate with suppliers regarding the design or specifications of bioproduction equipment, instrumentation, or materials.

  • Design or direct bench or pilot production experiments to determine the scale of production methods that optimize product yield and minimize production costs.

  • Review existing manufacturing processes to identify opportunities for yield improvement or reduced process variation.

  • Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.

  • Conduct training or in-services to educate clinicians and other personnel on proper use of equipment.

  • Advise hospital administrators on the planning, acquisition, and use of medical equipment.

  • Maintain databases of experiment characteristics or results.

  • Design or develop medical diagnostic or clinical instrumentation, equipment, or procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.

  • Read current scientific or trade literature to stay abreast of scientific, industrial, or technological advances.

  • Prepare technical reports, data summary documents, or research articles for scientific publication, regulatory submissions, or patent applications.

  • Lead studies to examine or recommend changes in process sequences or operation protocols.

  • Analyze new medical procedures to forecast likely outcomes.

  • Advise manufacturing staff regarding problems with fermentation, filtration, or other bioproduction processes.

  • Develop methodologies for transferring procedures or biological processes from laboratories to commercial-scale manufacturing production.

  • Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.

  • Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating or using budgets, or overseeing contract obligations or deadlines.

  • Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.

  • Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.

  • Recommend process formulas, instrumentation, or equipment specifications, based on results of bench or pilot experimentation.

  • Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.

  • Prepare project plans for equipment or facility improvements, including time lines, budgetary estimates, or capital spending requests.

  • Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.

  • Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.

  • Design or conduct follow-up experimentation, based on generated data, to meet established process objectives.

  • Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.

  • Design and deliver technology, such as prosthetic devices, to assist people with disabilities.

  • Develop statistical models or simulations, using statistical or modeling software.

  • Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.

  • Communicate with bioregulatory authorities regarding licensing or compliance responsibilities.

  • Develop bioremediation processes to reduce pollution, protect the environment, or treat waste products.

Technologies & Software

  • Bioreactor Design
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Cadence Encounter Test
  • Unified modeling language UML
  • Calculating optimum maintenance parameters COMPARE
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Electromyograph analysis software
  • Software development tools
  • PTC Creo Elements/Pro
  • Oracle Database
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Electronic design automation EDA software
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Embedded systems testing software
  • IBM Rational RequisitePro
  • Preventive maintenance software
  • Fault modeling software
  • C++
  • SAS JMP
  • Force sensitive applications FSA software
  • ANSYS simulation software
  • Verilog
  • Computational modeling software
  • Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Virtual instrument software
  • Hardware description language HDL
  • Medical information software
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • AspenTech HYSYS
  • Instrument control software
  • Stratasys FDM MedModeler
  • Equipment compliance testing software
  • Integrated development environment IDE software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Mentor Graphics software
  • Hierarchical simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis HSPICE
  • Diagramming software
  • Finite element analysis FEA software
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux
  • Microsoft Teams
  • Medical imaging software
  • DeepSeek
  • Instrument validation software
  • SAS
  • ERP software
  • Schematic design entry software
  • Autodesk AI
  • Charting software
  • Failure rate data in perspective FARADIP software
  • Finite element method FEM software
  • Rapid application development RAD software
  • Gemini Code Assist
  • ANSYS AI Simulation
  • Image analysis software
  • Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis SPICE
  • Gait analysis software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Mean time between failures MBTF software
  • Systems analysis programs for hands on integrated reliability evaluation software SAPHIRE
  • Polymath Software POLYMATH
  • Linux
  • JavaScript
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Fault tree analysis FTA software
  • OrCAD Capture
  • Microsoft Office software
  • SNOINO Ttree
  • ADInstruments LabChart
  • Oracle Java
  • Force platform software
  • Ab Initio
  • PTC Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire
  • SAP BusinessObjects Crystal Reports
  • Perplexity AI
  • Molecular simulation software
  • Computational fluid dynamics CFD software
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Lucidchart
  • R
  • IBM Rational ClearCase
  • IBM Rational ClearQuest
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • C
  • Motion analysis software
  • Dyadem FMEA Pro-6
  • Human modeling software
  • Hypertext preprocessor PHP
  • Failure mode and effects analysis FMEA software
  • Common cause failure assessment software
  • System testing software
  • Calibration software
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Microsoft Access
  • MathWorks Simulink
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • AutoCAD AI
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Minitab
  • Numerical analysis software
  • Stochastic modeling software
  • Defect tracking software
  • Intelligen SuperPro Designer
  • SAP software
  • Microsoft Project
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR software
  • Root cause analysis software
  • SNOINO RCM Pro
  • ApE A Plasmid Editor
  • Microsoft Word
  • NeuroSolutions for MatLab
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Failure rate database software
  • Electromechanical testing analysis software
  • Reliability centered maintenance RCM software
  • Rapid prototyping software
  • UNIX
  • Three-dimensional motion capture software
  • Computer aided design CAD software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Advanced computer simulation language ACSL
  • Thomson Reuters EndNote
  • Materials testing software
  • Test automation software
  • Python
  • Word processing software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Splunk Enterprise
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • ImageJ
  • User interface design software
  • Requirements management software
  • Functional modeling software
  • Neural network modeling software
  • GitHub Copilot
  • Zuken electrical design software
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Biomechanical modeling software
  • Circuit simulation software
  • Criticality analysis software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Project estimation software
  • Technis BETAPLUS
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Dassault Systemes SolidWorks
  • Cadence Allegro Design Entry Capture and Capture CIS
  • Ada
  • Spine simulators
  • Maskless photolithography equipment
  • Pacemaker analyzers
  • Force platforms
  • Ellipsometers
  • Piezoelectric ceramic transducers
  • Axial-torsional testing systems
  • Electroplating apparatus
  • Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT scanners
  • pH meters
  • Grass stimulators
  • Toxic gas detectors
  • Motion actuators
  • Flash point detectors
  • Radio frequency amplifiers
  • Superconducting quantum interference devices SQUID
  • Viscometers
  • Medical radiation dosimeters
  • Two-point discriminators
  • Polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Servopneumatic axial test instruments
  • Surface area analyzers
  • Digital cameras
  • Polygraph recorders
  • Microplating equipment
  • Pulsating bubble surfactometers PBS
  • Physical conditioning treadmill exercisers
  • Optical coherence tomography OCT scanners
  • Soft materials in-vitro simulation system
  • Immuno-sensors
  • Ventilator performance analyzers
  • Glass micromolds
  • Ultraviolet spectrophotometers
  • Microbial fermenters
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Cell culture bioreactors
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopes
  • Sublimation printers
  • Electrosurgery testing devices
  • Impact testers
  • X ray machines
  • Ultrasonic testing apparatus
  • Thermal cyclers
  • Sugar analyzers
  • X ray lithography equipment
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Cone-plate viscometers
  • Oxygen meters
  • Non-invasive blood pressure monitor analyzers
  • Microplate readers
  • Electrode bevelers
  • Multi-axis kinematic knee simulators
  • Endovascular stent-graft testing instruments
  • Microelectrodes
  • Micromolding lithography equipment
  • Digital sonomicrometers
  • High pressure liquid chromatographs HPLC
  • Laptop computers
  • Automatic titrators
  • Strain gauge conditioners
  • Desktop computers
  • Bomb calorimeters
  • Dynamometers
  • Plasma excitation chambers
  • Contact angle goniometers
  • Personal computers
  • Digital luxmeters
  • Milling machines
  • Pressure and temperature measurement devices
  • Ultrasound indention probes
  • Bioreactors
  • Centrifuges
  • Spinal disk implant wear testers
  • Electroblotting apparatus
  • Particle size classifiers
  • Refractive index detectors
  • Finger joint flexure testers
  • Electromyographs EMG
  • Scanning probe microscopes SPM
  • Protein gel electrophoresis
  • Quadrupole mass spectrometers
  • Total organic carbon TOC analyzers
  • Strain gauges
  • Automated particle counters
  • High-speed digital cameras
  • 3T scanners
  • Footswitch sensors
  • Multimeters
  • Arbitrary waveform generators
  • Bio-signal amplifiers
  • Incubators
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Acoustic measurement systems
  • Capillary electrophoresis systems
  • Microvalves
  • Circuit analyzers
  • Spirometers
  • Torsiometers
  • Isolators
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Acousto-optic modulators
  • Microplate washers
  • Pulse oximeters
  • Ultrasound transducers
  • Eye tracking devices
  • Accelerometers
  • Flow control devices
  • Fluorescence microscopes
  • Microfluidic networks
  • Posturographic measurement systems
  • Optical particle counters
  • Enzymatic membrane reactors
  • Hardness testing devices
  • Biomedical device electrical safety testers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Insole sensors
  • Defibrillator testing devices
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Pinch gauges
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA plate readers
  • Ultrasound wattmeters
  • Gel documentation systems
  • Plastic injection molding machines
  • Material fatigue and dynamics characterization devices
  • Patient monitoring testing devices
  • Environmental conditions measurement devices
  • Chemiluminescence analyzers
  • Ultra high speed magnetic resonance imaging MRI scanner machines
  • Low-pressure impactors
  • Flow cytometers
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Microplate spectrophotometers
  • Ultrasound imaging scanners
  • Pressure transducers
  • Anthropometers
  • Ion trap mass spectrometers
  • Electrode pullers
  • Molecular vacuum pumps
  • Plant photosynthesis meters
  • Quantum-based switching applications Q-switch electron waveguides
  • Electrical particle detectors
  • Inverted light microscopes
  • Intravenous IV pump analyzers
  • Camcorders
  • Bio-sensors
  • Autosamplers
  • Rapid toxicity testing systems
  • Ultraviolet spectrometers
  • Biosafety cabinets
  • Tensionmeters
  • Incubator performance analyzers
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI scanners
  • Polymer scaffolds
  • Material tension/compression testing devices
  • Optical tomographic imaging scanners
  • Polymer matrices
  • Freeze dryers
  • Dissolved oxygen polarographic measurement devices
  • Optical particle detectors
  • Condensation nuclei counters CNC
  • Skinfold calipers
  • Pressure sensors
  • Pacemaker testing devices
  • Ion exchange purification systems
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Micromanipulation microrheology microscopes
  • Micropumps
  • Grip dynamometers
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Cardiovascular prosthetic device testers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Analytical balances
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA synthesizers
  • Gas flow control systems
  • Load sensors
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Radiation compliance testing devices
  • Extruders
  • Deflectors
  • Rheometers
  • Activity monitoring devices
  • Orbital shakers
  • Bacteria-based biosensors
  • Prosthetic limb testers
  • Bio-signal simulators
  • Fluorospectrometers
  • Multi-photon microscopes
  • Molecular cytosensors
  • Aerosol generators
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Microcontrollers
  • Servopneumatic actuators
  • Biomagnetic imaging scanners
  • Fast protein liquid chromatographs FPLC
  • Piezoelectric sensors
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Opto-electronic electrogoniometers
  • Frequency shifters
  • Optical traps
  • Aerosol analyzers
  • Basic stamp microcontrollers
  • Biomimetic robots
  • Sterilization-in-place equipment
  • Laser ablation machines
  • Oscilloscopes
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Autoclaves
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Environmental growth chambers
  • Dissolved oxygen probes