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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Sustaining Engineer” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #120 of 702. Estimated risk: 3.7%

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AI Exposure Risk

61%

“Sustaining Engineer” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 61% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Sustaining Engineer” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.

Avg. Annual Salary $115,020
Avg. Hourly Wage $55.30
Available Jobs (US) 21,860
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers #17-2031
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Communicate with suppliers regarding the design or specifications of bioproduction equipment, instrumentation, or materials.

  • Advise hospital administrators on the planning, acquisition, and use of medical equipment.

  • Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.

  • Read current scientific or trade literature to stay abreast of scientific, industrial, or technological advances.

  • Design or develop medical diagnostic or clinical instrumentation, equipment, or procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.

  • Communicate with bioregulatory authorities regarding licensing or compliance responsibilities.

  • Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.

  • Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.

  • Prepare project plans for equipment or facility improvements, including time lines, budgetary estimates, or capital spending requests.

  • Develop statistical models or simulations, using statistical or modeling software.

  • Design or conduct follow-up experimentation, based on generated data, to meet established process objectives.

  • Conduct training or in-services to educate clinicians and other personnel on proper use of equipment.

  • Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.

  • Develop bioremediation processes to reduce pollution, protect the environment, or treat waste products.

  • Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.

  • Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.

  • Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.

  • Review existing manufacturing processes to identify opportunities for yield improvement or reduced process variation.

  • Prepare technical reports, data summary documents, or research articles for scientific publication, regulatory submissions, or patent applications.

  • Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.

  • Analyze new medical procedures to forecast likely outcomes.

  • Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.

  • Maintain databases of experiment characteristics or results.

  • Recommend process formulas, instrumentation, or equipment specifications, based on results of bench or pilot experimentation.

  • Advise manufacturing staff regarding problems with fermentation, filtration, or other bioproduction processes.

  • Develop methodologies for transferring procedures or biological processes from laboratories to commercial-scale manufacturing production.

  • Design and deliver technology, such as prosthetic devices, to assist people with disabilities.

  • Design or direct bench or pilot production experiments to determine the scale of production methods that optimize product yield and minimize production costs.

  • Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating or using budgets, or overseeing contract obligations or deadlines.

  • Lead studies to examine or recommend changes in process sequences or operation protocols.

Technologies & Software

  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Schematic design entry software
  • Gemini Code Assist
  • NeuroSolutions for MatLab
  • PTC Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire
  • Zuken electrical design software
  • Electromyograph analysis software
  • Thomson Reuters EndNote
  • Motion analysis software
  • Diagramming software
  • Electromechanical testing analysis software
  • AspenTech HYSYS
  • Minitab
  • SAS
  • Test automation software
  • Technis BETAPLUS
  • Microsoft Project
  • Perplexity AI
  • Human modeling software
  • Project estimation software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • System testing software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Rapid prototyping software
  • Stochastic modeling software
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Image analysis software
  • Oracle Database
  • Bioreactor Design
  • Embedded systems testing software
  • Computational fluid dynamics CFD software
  • Finite element analysis FEA software
  • Materials testing software
  • ApE A Plasmid Editor
  • Microsoft Teams
  • Microsoft Windows
  • SAP BusinessObjects Crystal Reports
  • Unified modeling language UML
  • Mean time between failures MBTF software
  • Intelligen SuperPro Designer
  • Systems analysis programs for hands on integrated reliability evaluation software SAPHIRE
  • Hypertext preprocessor PHP
  • Failure mode and effects analysis FMEA software
  • Neural network modeling software
  • Cadence Allegro Design Entry Capture and Capture CIS
  • IBM Rational ClearCase
  • Biomechanical modeling software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Ada
  • Autodesk AI
  • R
  • Instrument control software
  • OrCAD Capture
  • Instrument validation software
  • Calibration software
  • Linux
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Microsoft Access
  • DeepSeek
  • Equipment compliance testing software
  • Computational modeling software
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Numerical analysis software
  • Cadence Encounter Test
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • MathWorks Simulink
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Word processing software
  • Verilog
  • AutoCAD AI
  • IBM Rational RequisitePro
  • Preventive maintenance software
  • Three-dimensional motion capture software
  • Stratasys FDM MedModeler
  • Finite element method FEM software
  • Lucidchart
  • Rapid application development RAD software
  • Criticality analysis software
  • Charting software
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux
  • C++
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Force platform software
  • Ab Initio
  • UNIX
  • Root cause analysis software
  • SAP software
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR software
  • ANSYS AI Simulation
  • Medical information software
  • Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis SPICE
  • Advanced computer simulation language ACSL
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Force sensitive applications FSA software
  • Splunk Enterprise
  • JavaScript
  • IBM Rational ClearQuest
  • Dassault Systemes SolidWorks
  • Integrated development environment IDE software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Failure rate database software
  • Calculating optimum maintenance parameters COMPARE
  • Hardware description language HDL
  • Electronic design automation EDA software
  • ERP software
  • Gait analysis software
  • Virtual instrument software
  • Common cause failure assessment software
  • Defect tracking software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Circuit simulation software
  • Llama (Meta)
  • SNOINO RCM Pro
  • Requirements management software
  • SAS JMP
  • GitHub Copilot
  • Fault modeling software
  • Computer aided design CAD software
  • Software development tools
  • Dyadem FMEA Pro-6
  • Python
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Gemini (Google)
  • ANSYS simulation software
  • SNOINO Ttree
  • ImageJ
  • User interface design software
  • Molecular simulation software
  • PTC Creo Elements/Pro
  • Polymath Software POLYMATH
  • Fault tree analysis FTA software
  • Mentor Graphics software
  • Computer aided manufacturing CAM software
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Functional modeling software
  • Oracle Java
  • Reliability centered maintenance RCM software
  • Medical imaging software
  • ADInstruments LabChart
  • Failure rate data in perspective FARADIP software
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • C
  • Hierarchical simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis HSPICE
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Ellipsometers
  • Scanning probe microscopes SPM
  • Multi-axis kinematic knee simulators
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopes
  • Cone-plate viscometers
  • Spinal disk implant wear testers
  • pH meters
  • Aerosol generators
  • Environmental conditions measurement devices
  • Acoustic measurement systems
  • 3T scanners
  • Load sensors
  • Torsiometers
  • Servopneumatic axial test instruments
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI scanners
  • Toxic gas detectors
  • Milling machines
  • Material tension/compression testing devices
  • Deflectors
  • Pulsating bubble surfactometers PBS
  • Eye tracking devices
  • Sugar analyzers
  • Automatic titrators
  • Electrical particle detectors
  • Patient monitoring testing devices
  • Pacemaker analyzers
  • Circuit analyzers
  • Ultraviolet spectrometers
  • Ultrasound indention probes
  • Dissolved oxygen polarographic measurement devices
  • Cell culture bioreactors
  • Capillary electrophoresis systems
  • Sterilization-in-place equipment
  • Dynamometers
  • Laptop computers
  • Pulse oximeters
  • X ray lithography equipment
  • Ventilator performance analyzers
  • Intravenous IV pump analyzers
  • Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT scanners
  • Micromolding lithography equipment
  • Pressure sensors
  • Viscometers
  • Ultraviolet spectrophotometers
  • Microelectrodes
  • Bomb calorimeters
  • Acousto-optic modulators
  • Ion exchange purification systems
  • Autosamplers
  • Bio-signal amplifiers
  • Polymer scaffolds
  • Finger joint flexure testers
  • Glass micromolds
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Two-point discriminators
  • Anthropometers
  • Prosthetic limb testers
  • Optical traps
  • High pressure liquid chromatographs HPLC
  • Electromyographs EMG
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Oxygen meters
  • Strain gauge conditioners
  • Multi-photon microscopes
  • Gas flow control systems
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Condensation nuclei counters CNC
  • Digital luxmeters
  • Optical particle counters
  • Inverted light microscopes
  • Biomimetic robots
  • Molecular vacuum pumps
  • Desktop computers
  • Posturographic measurement systems
  • Cardiovascular prosthetic device testers
  • Fast protein liquid chromatographs FPLC
  • Ion trap mass spectrometers
  • Microvalves
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Protein gel electrophoresis
  • Polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Oscilloscopes
  • Ultrasound transducers
  • Pressure transducers
  • Activity monitoring devices
  • Radiation compliance testing devices
  • Strain gauges
  • Sublimation printers
  • Axial-torsional testing systems
  • Medical radiation dosimeters
  • Footswitch sensors
  • Bacteria-based biosensors
  • Endovascular stent-graft testing instruments
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Electrode pullers
  • Electroblotting apparatus
  • Autoclaves
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Spine simulators
  • Micropumps
  • Impact testers
  • Plant photosynthesis meters
  • Quadrupole mass spectrometers
  • Incubator performance analyzers
  • Microplate washers
  • Surface area analyzers
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
  • Contact angle goniometers
  • X ray machines
  • Ultrasound wattmeters
  • Microcontrollers
  • Flash point detectors
  • Personal computers
  • Arbitrary waveform generators
  • Multimeters
  • Ultra high speed magnetic resonance imaging MRI scanner machines
  • Biomedical device electrical safety testers
  • Electroplating apparatus
  • Bio-sensors
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA synthesizers
  • Bioreactors
  • Electrode bevelers
  • Fluorospectrometers
  • Grip dynamometers
  • Microplate readers
  • Optical tomographic imaging scanners
  • Microbial fermenters
  • Analytical balances
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Pacemaker testing devices
  • Fluorescence microscopes
  • Optical coherence tomography OCT scanners
  • Piezoelectric sensors
  • Micromanipulation microrheology microscopes
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Flow cytometers
  • Plastic injection molding machines
  • Quantum-based switching applications Q-switch electron waveguides
  • Automated particle counters
  • Digital sonomicrometers
  • Extruders
  • Camcorders
  • Microplating equipment
  • Tensionmeters
  • Plasma excitation chambers
  • Gel documentation systems
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA plate readers
  • Grass stimulators
  • Pressure and temperature measurement devices
  • Chemiluminescence analyzers
  • Polygraph recorders
  • Pinch gauges
  • Incubators
  • Accelerometers
  • Dissolved oxygen probes
  • Refractive index detectors
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Microfluidic networks
  • Optical particle detectors
  • Particle size classifiers
  • Isolators
  • Basic stamp microcontrollers
  • Enzymatic membrane reactors
  • Physical conditioning treadmill exercisers
  • Environmental growth chambers
  • Material fatigue and dynamics characterization devices
  • Flow control devices
  • Laser ablation machines
  • Motion actuators
  • Non-invasive blood pressure monitor analyzers
  • Spirometers
  • Maskless photolithography equipment
  • Hardness testing devices
  • Freeze dryers
  • Insole sensors
  • Microplate spectrophotometers
  • Electrosurgery testing devices
  • Biosafety cabinets
  • Ultrasound imaging scanners
  • Force platforms
  • High-speed digital cameras
  • Radio frequency amplifiers
  • Polymer matrices
  • Aerosol analyzers
  • Superconducting quantum interference devices SQUID
  • Digital cameras
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Ultrasonic testing apparatus
  • Opto-electronic electrogoniometers
  • Total organic carbon TOC analyzers
  • Thermal cyclers
  • Defibrillator testing devices
  • Low-pressure impactors
  • Biomagnetic imaging scanners
  • Frequency shifters
  • Rheometers
  • Servopneumatic actuators
  • Piezoelectric ceramic transducers
  • Bio-signal simulators
  • Centrifuges
  • Molecular cytosensors
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Soft materials in-vitro simulation system
  • Orbital shakers
  • Rapid toxicity testing systems
  • Immuno-sensors
  • Skinfold calipers