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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Toxicologist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #99 of 702. Estimated risk: 2.7%

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AI Exposure Risk

62%

“Toxicologist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 62% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

47%

“Toxicologist” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 47% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Biochemists and Biophysicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.

Avg. Annual Salary $115,570
Avg. Hourly Wage $55.56
Available Jobs (US) 34,520
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Biochemists and Biophysicists #19-1021
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Biochemists and Biophysicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 41%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases.

  • Isolate, analyze, or synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, or enzymes and determine their effects on body functions.

  • Examine the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning.

  • Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.

  • Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.

  • Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x-rays or electron microscopes.

  • Investigate the nature, composition, or expression of genes or research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.

  • Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.

  • Study physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology.

  • Research how characteristics of plants or animals are carried through successive generations.

  • Research the chemical effects of substances, such as drugs, serums, hormones, or food, on tissues or vital processes.

  • Develop or execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.

  • Produce pharmaceutically or industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.

  • Design or perform experiments with equipment, such as lasers, accelerators, or mass spectrometers.

  • Prepare reports or recommendations, based upon research outcomes.

  • Share research findings by writing scientific articles or by making presentations at scientific conferences.

  • Teach or advise undergraduate or graduate students or supervise their research.

  • Develop or test new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution.

  • Manage laboratory teams or monitor the quality of a team's work.

  • Develop methods to process, store, or use foods, drugs, or chemical compounds.

  • Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.

  • Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.

  • Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, or living energy changes, such as growth, aging, or death.

  • Design or build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.

Technologies & Software

  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Accelrys Insight II
  • Fujitsu BioMedCache
  • Perl
  • Statistical software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Voltage-gated ion channels software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • PREMIER Biosoft Array Designer
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Yet another scientific artificial reality application YASARA software
  • Crystallography software
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Analysis and building software
  • Email software
  • Fujitsu MOPAC
  • Wavefunction Spartan
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Genetics computer group GSG software
  • Golden Helix ChemTree
  • IBM SPSS Statistics
  • Llama (Meta)
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Tripos SYBYL
  • Word processing software
  • Semichem AMPAC
  • Accelrys Cerius2
  • GEPASI
  • Assisted model building with energy refinement AMBER
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Molecular Networks GmbH Biochemical Pathways
  • 3D graphics software
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Elsevier MDL ISIS/Draw
  • Perplexity AI
  • Elicit
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaFluor
  • Accelrys FELIX
  • Internet browser software
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Structure prediction software
  • Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST
  • JustBio SeqPainter
  • Graphics software
  • Gaussian software
  • Scite AI
  • Sequence database software
  • Chemistry at Harvard Molecular Mechanics CHARMm
  • DeepSeek
  • ItemTracker
  • Dassault Systemes Abaqus
  • Accelrys QAUNTA
  • Expression DNA and protein sequence software
  • Presentation software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Macroscopic diffusion software
  • Consensus
  • Docking and ligand binding software
  • Chang Bioscience ToolKit
  • ESRI What if?
  • Wavefunction Titan
  • Golden Helix HelixTree
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Molecular Simulations WebLab ViewerPro
  • Microsoft Excel
  • GE Healthcare ImageQuant TL
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • SAS
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Carrier-mediated transport software
  • Electronic lab notebook software
  • AutoQuant AutoDeblur
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaMorph
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Minitab
  • SAP software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Crystallography & NMR System (CNS)
  • Molecular simulation software
  • Hodgkin-Huxley Model software
  • Intelligent Imaging Innovations SlideBook
  • Shrodinger Jaguar
  • Video analysis software
  • ChemInnovation Software Chem 4-D
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Python
  • R
  • Multichannel detectors
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Amino acid analyzers
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI equipment
  • Ultraviolet UV transilluminators
  • Optical tweezers
  • Ultracentrifuges
  • Laser particle sizers
  • Mossbauer spectroscopes
  • Laser Doppler zeta potential analyzers
  • Circulating water cooling systems
  • Funnels
  • Homogenizers
  • Pasteur pipettes
  • Test tubes
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Raman difference spectrometers
  • Biofreezers
  • Darkroom equipment
  • Heat blocks
  • Heat incubators
  • Ultraviolet UV spectroscopes
  • Scanners
  • Analytical ultracentrifuges
  • Liquid nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Protein sequencers
  • Filtering funnels
  • X ray microscopes
  • High-pressure high-temperature reactors
  • Sample concentrators
  • Automatic x ray film developers
  • Shaking incubators
  • Ultramicrotomes
  • Video positioning equipment
  • Stopped-flow spectrophotometers
  • Microscope slides
  • Viscometers
  • Scanning laser microscopes
  • Basic vapor pressure osmometers
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Transillumination microscopes
  • Specific gravity balances
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI microscopes
  • Cryotransmission electron microscopes
  • Capillary electrophoresis equipment
  • Cryomicroscopes
  • Binocular light compound microscopes
  • Auto gamma counters
  • Glassware condensers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd:YAG lasers
  • Laboratory convection ovens
  • Graduated cylinders
  • Fluorescence spectroscopes
  • Multi-angle elastic-light scattering systems
  • Microinjectors
  • Scintillation counters
  • Laser induced temperature jump nanosecond relaxation spectrometer systems
  • Refrigerated centrifuges
  • Automatic pipetters
  • Computerized axial tomography CAT scan equipment
  • Microplate readers
  • Dichroic beamsplitters
  • Chemical fume hoods
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Cell sorters
  • Dual wavelength spectroscopes
  • Phosphorimagers
  • Water baths
  • Mainframe computers
  • Near-field light microscopes
  • Phosphorimager video cameras
  • Balances
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Microsusceptometers
  • Spectropolarimeters
  • Nanoscopes
  • High-pressure liquid chromatographs
  • Sapphire lasers
  • Vibratome tissue sectioning systems
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopes
  • Flexi-dry lyophilizers
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Continuous flow centrifuges
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectrometers
  • Shaking waterbaths
  • Lasers
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA sequencers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Inverted microscopes
  • Sonicators
  • Linear accelerators
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Water purification units
  • Krypton lasers
  • Brewster angle microscopes
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Hot plates
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Electrophoresis power supplies
  • Growth chambers
  • Automated electrophoresis equipment
  • Cryocut microtomes
  • Plotters
  • Hemoglobin analyzers
  • Desktop computers
  • Microcentrifuges
  • Magnetic piconewton-force transducers
  • Magnetic tweezers
  • Chemistry analyzers
  • Freeze dryers
  • Glassware adaptors
  • Microcalorimeters
  • Gamma ray irradiators
  • Vacuum freezers
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Megafuge centrifuges
  • Personal computers
  • Video enhanced differential interference contrast microscopes
  • Laser printers
  • Heating mantles
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Peptide synthesizers
  • Analytical balances
  • Fermenters
  • Synchrotrons
  • Argon lasers
  • Cryostat tissue microtomes
  • Biological safety hoods
  • Circular dichroism spectroscopes
  • Ultrasonic cleaners
  • pH meters
  • Confocal microscopes
  • Sartorius balances
  • Erlenmeyer flasks
  • Beakers
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Power amplifiers
  • Microdosimeters
  • Langmuir balances
  • Laser tweezers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Rheometers
  • Solid state diode lasers
  • Flow cytometers
  • Orbital shakers
  • Microphysiometers
  • Mettler balances
  • Signal generators
  • Cryogenic freezers
  • Pipettes
  • Cytospin centrifuges
  • Ionometers
  • Incubators
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Electron spin resonance spectroscopes
  • Rotating anode X ray generators
  • Top-loading electronic balances
  • Isothermal titration calorimeters ITC
  • Autoclaves
  • Gel boxes
  • Notebook computers
  • Large upright microscopes
  • Tabletop centrifuges
  • Thermal imagers
  • Laboratory vacuum pumps

Alternative Job Titles