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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Toxicologist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #99 of 702. Estimated risk: 2.7%

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AI Exposure Risk

62%

“Toxicologist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 62% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

47%

“Toxicologist” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 47% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Biochemists and Biophysicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.

Avg. Annual Salary $115,570
Avg. Hourly Wage $55.56
Available Jobs (US) 34,520
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Biochemists and Biophysicists #19-1021
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Biochemists and Biophysicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 41%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Share research findings by writing scientific articles or by making presentations at scientific conferences.

  • Investigate the nature, composition, or expression of genes or research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.

  • Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x-rays or electron microscopes.

  • Research how characteristics of plants or animals are carried through successive generations.

  • Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.

  • Research the chemical effects of substances, such as drugs, serums, hormones, or food, on tissues or vital processes.

  • Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, or living energy changes, such as growth, aging, or death.

  • Study physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology.

  • Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases.

  • Prepare reports or recommendations, based upon research outcomes.

  • Develop or execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.

  • Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.

  • Develop or test new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution.

  • Produce pharmaceutically or industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.

  • Teach or advise undergraduate or graduate students or supervise their research.

  • Design or perform experiments with equipment, such as lasers, accelerators, or mass spectrometers.

  • Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.

  • Manage laboratory teams or monitor the quality of a team's work.

  • Examine the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning.

  • Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.

  • Develop methods to process, store, or use foods, drugs, or chemical compounds.

  • Isolate, analyze, or synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, or enzymes and determine their effects on body functions.

  • Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.

  • Design or build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.

Technologies & Software

  • Gaussian software
  • Accelrys Insight II
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Linux
  • ItemTracker
  • Shrodinger Jaguar
  • Expression DNA and protein sequence software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Docking and ligand binding software
  • Perl
  • AutoQuant AutoDeblur
  • Carrier-mediated transport software
  • Assisted model building with energy refinement AMBER
  • Voltage-gated ion channels software
  • Intelligent Imaging Innovations SlideBook
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Golden Helix ChemTree
  • Chemistry at Harvard Molecular Mechanics CHARMm
  • Elicit
  • Word processing software
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaMorph
  • Email software
  • Wavefunction Spartan
  • Structure prediction software
  • Internet browser software
  • Macroscopic diffusion software
  • Elsevier MDL ISIS/Draw
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • JustBio SeqPainter
  • Molecular Simulations WebLab ViewerPro
  • Fujitsu BioMedCache
  • Scite AI
  • PREMIER Biosoft Array Designer
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Analysis and building software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Hodgkin-Huxley Model software
  • Molecular Networks GmbH Biochemical Pathways
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Accelrys Cerius2
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Chang Bioscience ToolKit
  • IBM SPSS Statistics
  • SAP software
  • GE Healthcare ImageQuant TL
  • R
  • Golden Helix HelixTree
  • Minitab
  • Sequence database software
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Tripos SYBYL
  • GEPASI
  • Crystallography software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaFluor
  • Presentation software
  • Semichem AMPAC
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Graphics software
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Video analysis software
  • ChemInnovation Software Chem 4-D
  • Microsoft Word
  • Molecular simulation software
  • Yet another scientific artificial reality application YASARA software
  • Perplexity AI
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • DeepSeek
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Statistical software
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • Dassault Systemes Abaqus
  • Microsoft Office software
  • ESRI What if?
  • Electronic lab notebook software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • SAS
  • 3D graphics software
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Fujitsu MOPAC
  • Accelrys QAUNTA
  • Crystallography & NMR System (CNS)
  • Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST
  • Accelrys FELIX
  • Wavefunction Titan
  • Genetics computer group GSG software
  • Python
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Consensus
  • Power amplifiers
  • Binocular light compound microscopes
  • Protein sequencers
  • Multi-angle elastic-light scattering systems
  • Mettler balances
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Dual wavelength spectroscopes
  • Phosphorimager video cameras
  • Gel boxes
  • Tabletop centrifuges
  • Continuous flow centrifuges
  • Chemistry analyzers
  • Ultraviolet UV transilluminators
  • Electron microscopes
  • High-pressure liquid chromatographs
  • Graduated cylinders
  • Amino acid analyzers
  • Microinjectors
  • Inverted microscopes
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Basic vapor pressure osmometers
  • Lasers
  • Phosphorimagers
  • Stopped-flow spectrophotometers
  • Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd:YAG lasers
  • Cryogenic freezers
  • Erlenmeyer flasks
  • Glassware adaptors
  • Laser Doppler zeta potential analyzers
  • Refrigerated centrifuges
  • Heating mantles
  • Rotating anode X ray generators
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Ultraviolet UV spectroscopes
  • Water baths
  • Ultrasonic cleaners
  • Flow cytometers
  • Microsusceptometers
  • Thermal imagers
  • Sartorius balances
  • Filtering funnels
  • Cryotransmission electron microscopes
  • Automatic x ray film developers
  • Ultramicrotomes
  • Solid state diode lasers
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI equipment
  • Microdosimeters
  • Cell sorters
  • Specific gravity balances
  • Electron spin resonance spectroscopes
  • Light scattering devices
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopes
  • Balances
  • Mainframe computers
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Video enhanced differential interference contrast microscopes
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Magnetic piconewton-force transducers
  • Growth chambers
  • Water purification units
  • Scanning laser microscopes
  • Laboratory vacuum pumps
  • Near-field light microscopes
  • Biological safety hoods
  • Raman difference spectrometers
  • Homogenizers
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Video positioning equipment
  • Scanners
  • Cytospin centrifuges
  • Laboratory convection ovens
  • Electrophoresis power supplies
  • Large upright microscopes
  • Fluorescence spectroscopes
  • Desktop computers
  • Circulating water cooling systems
  • Automatic pipetters
  • Hemoglobin analyzers
  • Synchrotrons
  • Sonicators
  • Sapphire lasers
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Laser particle sizers
  • Chemical fume hoods
  • Orbital shakers
  • Multichannel detectors
  • Ionometers
  • Fermenters
  • Optical tweezers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Shaking waterbaths
  • Transillumination microscopes
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Rheometers
  • Nanoscopes
  • Isothermal titration calorimeters ITC
  • Dichroic beamsplitters
  • High-pressure high-temperature reactors
  • Signal generators
  • Beakers
  • Microscope slides
  • Laser induced temperature jump nanosecond relaxation spectrometer systems
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectrometers
  • Argon lasers
  • Flexi-dry lyophilizers
  • Laser printers
  • Confocal microscopes
  • pH meters
  • Shaking incubators
  • Microplate readers
  • Hot plates
  • Vibratome tissue sectioning systems
  • Viscometers
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Freeze dryers
  • Pipettes
  • Scintillation counters
  • Laser tweezers
  • Microcalorimeters
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Heat incubators
  • Magnetic tweezers
  • Biofreezers
  • Mossbauer spectroscopes
  • Langmuir balances
  • Analytical balances
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI microscopes
  • Circular dichroism spectroscopes
  • Microcentrifuges
  • Test tubes
  • Auto gamma counters
  • Plotters
  • Peptide synthesizers
  • Top-loading electronic balances
  • Pasteur pipettes
  • Notebook computers
  • Gamma ray irradiators
  • Cryostat tissue microtomes
  • Computerized axial tomography CAT scan equipment
  • Funnels
  • Automated electrophoresis equipment
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Cryomicroscopes
  • Linear accelerators
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Sample concentrators
  • Krypton lasers
  • Vacuum freezers
  • X ray microscopes
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Capillary electrophoresis equipment
  • Liquid nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Personal computers
  • Megafuge centrifuges
  • Analytical ultracentrifuges
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Microphysiometers
  • Ultracentrifuges
  • Cryocut microtomes
  • Darkroom equipment
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Glassware condensers
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA sequencers
  • Heat blocks
  • Autoclaves
  • Brewster angle microscopes
  • Incubators
  • Spectropolarimeters
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM

Alternative Job Titles