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Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.
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Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
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Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.
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Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
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Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
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Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.
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Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.
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Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
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Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.
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Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
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Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
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Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
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Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
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Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.
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Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
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Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
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Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
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Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
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Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.
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Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
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Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.
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Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.
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Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
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Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
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Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
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Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.
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Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.