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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Petrographer” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #346 of 702. Estimated risk: 63.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

59%

“Petrographer” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 59% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

35%

“Petrographer” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 35% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Avg. Annual Salary $111,310
Avg. Hourly Wage $53.52
Available Jobs (US) 22,510
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers #19-2042
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects.

  • Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes.

  • Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

  • Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes.

  • Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects.

  • Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.

  • Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.

  • Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.

  • Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation.

  • Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications.

  • Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination.

  • Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.

  • Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews.

  • Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management.

  • Locate potential sources of geothermal energy.

  • Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.

  • Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.

  • Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.

  • Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers.

  • Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation.

  • Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy.

  • Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments.

  • Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.

  • Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems.

  • Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.

  • Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.

  • Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion.

  • Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.

  • Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery.

  • Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities.

  • Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.

  • Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.

Technologies & Software

  • Enigma software
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Parameter Estimation PEST
  • Field data recorder software
  • RockWare Stratbugs
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic FlowPath II
  • Shape software
  • Alara CRystalView
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Paradigm SKUA-GOCAD
  • Scientific Software Group Infinite Extent
  • Perplexity AI
  • Landmark VIP
  • Geo-Logic Systems LithoTect Interpreter
  • SAS
  • RockWare RockPack III
  • EarthSoft EQuIS Geology
  • Aquifer test software
  • RockWare Visual STUNT
  • Rockware CrossLog
  • Microsoft Project
  • RockWare VEGO
  • Grok (xAI)
  • National Geophysical Data Center GEODAS
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Git
  • RockWare Erupt
  • PowerCAD
  • Interpex IXID
  • Well logging software
  • Geostatistical modeling GSTAT software
  • RockWare GRADIX
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • EPIC GIS
  • Atoll GeoCAD
  • Starpint Software Super Slug
  • Triton Elics International SeaClass
  • IHS Energy PowerTools
  • Python
  • StrainSim
  • Upperspace ModelCAD
  • Bilko
  • Midland Valley 3DMove
  • RockWare Potent
  • Paleontological Statistics PAST
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Consensus
  • RSI ENVI
  • RockWare GeoTrig
  • Data mining software
  • RockWare ChemFlux
  • GeoModel
  • Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
  • Word processing software
  • DeepSeek
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Groundwater modeling system GMS
  • Gemini (Google)
  • ERDAS ER Mapper
  • GeoPLUS Petra
  • Microsoft Access
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • MineGeo software
  • Gemcom GEMS
  • Scientific Software Group FEFLOW
  • ChemStat
  • Seismic visualization software
  • Geospatial data abstraction library GDAL
  • RockWare FIRSTPIX
  • Geographic resources analysis support system GRASS
  • MySQL
  • Bentley Systems gINT
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • Compass software
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • IRIS Seismic Processing Workshop
  • Scite AI
  • Evolution Computing FastCAD
  • HydroSOLVE AQTESOLV
  • Evolution Computing EasyCAD
  • Landmark Graphics GeoGraphix
  • Geosoft Oasis montaj
  • Geomechanical design analysis GDA software
  • MHC Document Express
  • Clover Technology GALENA
  • Upperspace DesignCAD
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Maptek Vulcan
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic AquaChem
  • ESRI ArcGIS software
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Earthworks MaxiPit
  • Geosoft DAP server
  • PaleoTax
  • OpenOffice.org
  • Mapping software
  • Red Rock DeltaGraph
  • MineSight
  • BOSS Didger
  • Geographic information system GIS software
  • Socorro Scientific Software Refract2K
  • Geographic information system GIS systems
  • Seismic interpretation software
  • TECHBASE
  • RockWare QuickSyn
  • RockWare Plan
  • Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE
  • RockWare MicroMODEL
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • MICRODEM
  • Microsoft Word
  • Geostatistics software GS+
  • Hydrogeology Basin2
  • Intergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSK
  • OriginLab Origin
  • MIT OASES
  • ESRI ArcView
  • Solvcalv
  • Golden Software Surfer
  • RockWare Geochemist's Workbench GWB
  • ESRI ArcIMS
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Groundwater Vistas
  • MapInfo Professional
  • RockWare WinSism
  • ACD Systems Canvas
  • CrystalMaker
  • SACLANTCEN
  • Data logger software
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • RockWare Grav2Dc
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Schlumberger Inside Reality
  • Elicit
  • Internet browser software
  • Terrain surface mapping software
  • EasySolve Software SizePerm
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Systat Software SigmaStat
  • MJ Systems Logsleuth
  • Seismic Micro-Technology KINGDOM
  • Email software
  • EarthWorks Downhole Explorer
  • PaleoMag
  • Gresens 92
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • PolyMap
  • RockWare DepthCon2000
  • ESRI ArcInfo
  • Trimble Terramodel
  • RockWare Jlog
  • SeeByte SeeTrack
  • RockWare RockWorks
  • Scientific Software Group SVHeat
  • Gemcom Surpac
  • Total stations
  • Digitizers
  • Echosounders
  • Carbon analyzers
  • Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET surface area analyzers
  • Pry bars
  • Soft face hammers
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Multibeam echosounders
  • Temperature profile recorders
  • Digital seismographs
  • Centrifuges
  • Sediment samplers
  • Colorimeters
  • Microsplitters
  • Tubular water samplers
  • Crack hammers
  • Underwater cameras
  • Ground penetrating radar GPR
  • Tree corers
  • Soil augers
  • Pocket transits
  • Ultrasonic sieve cleaners
  • Sun compasses
  • Laser theodolites
  • Laser rangefinders
  • Winches
  • Clinometers
  • Rock magnetometers
  • Plankton nets
  • Large-format plotters
  • Scanners
  • Pneumatic airscribes
  • Ultraviolet UV lamps
  • Pocket magnetic susceptibility meters
  • Magnetic susceptibility measurement systems
  • Alternating field demagnitizers
  • Rotoevaporators
  • Water current meters
  • Mapping dividers
  • Magnetic susceptibility/temperature systems
  • Fluid inclusion microscopes
  • Stereo microscopes
  • Notebook computers
  • Impulse magnetizers
  • Powered rock-coring drills
  • Rock chisels
  • Digital cameras
  • Geological compasses
  • Gamma ray scintillometers
  • Global positioning system GPS receivers
  • Digital alkalinity titrators
  • Roto torque mixers
  • All terrain vehicles ATV
  • Geological stratum compasses
  • Thermistor chains
  • Test sieves
  • Fusion fluxes
  • Towed sonars
  • Electron microprobes
  • Altimeters
  • Vertical sketchmasters
  • Planimeters
  • Drying ovens
  • Degaussing wands
  • Thermal specimen demagnitizers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrophotometers
  • Mechanical earth drills
  • Geophones
  • Biological dredges
  • Agitators
  • Protractors
  • Rotary grinders
  • Gravity meters
  • Bottom sampling equipment
  • X ray fluorescence XRF lead detectors
  • Earth resistivity meters
  • Stereoscopes
  • Petrographic microscopes
  • Digitizing tablets
  • Water sampler bottles
  • Long range radar equipment
  • Electrical conductivity cells
  • Polarizing microscopes
  • Radiation detectors
  • Axes
  • Seismic stations
  • Rock saws
  • Sieve shakers
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Seismic activity recorders
  • Water level recorders
  • Hydraulic earth drills
  • Side scan sonars
  • Fume hoods
  • Mercury analyzers
  • Underwater sediment bearing strength probes
  • Personal computers
  • Abney levels
  • X ray fluorescence spectrometers
  • Isodynamic separators
  • Analog map measurers
  • Electronic bench scales
  • Chisel hammers
  • Rangefinders
  • High temperature laboratory ovens
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Electrical conductivity meters
  • Optical compound microscopes
  • Digital map measurers
  • pH meters
  • Chromatographic scanners
  • Laser printers
  • Sand grain size gauges
  • Mapping scale sets
  • Core splitters
  • Dissolved oxygen meters
  • Penetrometers
  • Reverse osmosis systems
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Laboratory rock pulverizers
  • Dessicators
  • One-atmosphere furnaces
  • Microgravimeters
  • Magnetic susceptibility/anisotropy systems
  • Mobile wireless handheld communication devices
  • Argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopes
  • Video microscopes
  • Automated core analysis systems
  • Hand levels
  • Jaw crushers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Portable organic vapor analyzers
  • Soil samplers
  • Tube samplers
  • Rock picks
  • Seismographs
  • Borehole cameras
  • Geo/paleo picks
  • Hand magnifying lenses
  • Desktop computers
  • Submicron particle size analyzers
  • Short-range radar equipment
  • Motorized mortars/pestles
  • Triple beam balances
  • Illuminated microscopes
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Sediment piston corers
  • Electronic toploading balances
  • Cathodoluminescence scopes
  • Microscope slides