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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #346 of 702. Estimated risk: 63.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

59%

“Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 59% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

35%

“Scientist” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 35% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Avg. Annual Salary $111,310
Avg. Hourly Wage $53.52
Available Jobs (US) 22,510
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers #19-2042
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.

  • Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.

  • Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.

  • Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

  • Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.

  • Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects.

  • Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management.

  • Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers.

  • Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.

  • Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems.

  • Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination.

  • Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities.

  • Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery.

  • Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.

  • Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews.

  • Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications.

  • Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes.

  • Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.

  • Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments.

  • Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.

  • Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.

  • Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation.

  • Locate potential sources of geothermal energy.

  • Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.

  • Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes.

  • Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects.

  • Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation.

  • Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion.

  • Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy.

  • Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.

  • Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.

  • Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.

Technologies & Software

  • Word processing software
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • RockWare Geochemist's Workbench GWB
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Geosoft DAP server
  • MIT OASES
  • SAS
  • RockWare WinSism
  • Triton Elics International SeaClass
  • Clover Technology GALENA
  • EarthWorks Downhole Explorer
  • Upperspace DesignCAD
  • RockWare Plan
  • RockWare Visual STUNT
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Parameter Estimation PEST
  • Evolution Computing EasyCAD
  • Microsoft Project
  • CrystalMaker
  • Llama (Meta)
  • MySQL
  • PaleoMag
  • StrainSim
  • Evolution Computing FastCAD
  • TECHBASE
  • Field data recorder software
  • MICRODEM
  • Midland Valley 3DMove
  • Schlumberger Inside Reality
  • Aquifer test software
  • Shape software
  • OpenOffice.org
  • DeepSeek
  • MapInfo Professional
  • Systat Software SigmaStat
  • EasySolve Software SizePerm
  • RockWare ChemFlux
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • MHC Document Express
  • Elicit
  • Geosoft Oasis montaj
  • Microsoft Word
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Intergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSK
  • RockWare Potent
  • Scientific Software Group Infinite Extent
  • EarthSoft EQuIS Geology
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Microsoft Access
  • IHS Energy PowerTools
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Perplexity AI
  • Interpex IXID
  • Geostatistics software GS+
  • Landmark VIP
  • Geospatial data abstraction library GDAL
  • Socorro Scientific Software Refract2K
  • Geographic information system GIS software
  • Data mining software
  • Geographic information system GIS systems
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • RockWare DepthCon2000
  • Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Mapping software
  • Compass software
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Trimble Terramodel
  • Gemcom Surpac
  • EPIC GIS
  • Atoll GeoCAD
  • Gresens 92
  • Golden Software Surfer
  • RockWare Erupt
  • RockWare QuickSyn
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • HydroSOLVE AQTESOLV
  • RockWare RockWorks
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Seismic interpretation software
  • Maptek Vulcan
  • Seismic visualization software
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic FlowPath II
  • Terrain surface mapping software
  • ACD Systems Canvas
  • RockWare Grav2Dc
  • National Geophysical Data Center GEODAS
  • Hydrogeology Basin2
  • RockWare GRADIX
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Rockware CrossLog
  • Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
  • Red Rock DeltaGraph
  • Git
  • PaleoTax
  • MineSight
  • Internet browser software
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • PowerCAD
  • Geomechanical design analysis GDA software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Paradigm SKUA-GOCAD
  • Starpint Software Super Slug
  • Geostatistical modeling GSTAT software
  • Gemcom GEMS
  • ESRI ArcView
  • Data logger software
  • Solvcalv
  • Upperspace ModelCAD
  • RockWare Jlog
  • MineGeo software
  • Scientific Software Group SVHeat
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic AquaChem
  • RockWare MicroMODEL
  • ERDAS ER Mapper
  • Bentley Systems gINT
  • Bilko
  • Python
  • Geo-Logic Systems LithoTect Interpreter
  • Scientific Software Group FEFLOW
  • GeoModel
  • Consensus
  • Well logging software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Groundwater Vistas
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Alara CRystalView
  • SACLANTCEN
  • Scite AI
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • GeoPLUS Petra
  • Email software
  • RockWare Stratbugs
  • Seismic Micro-Technology KINGDOM
  • ESRI ArcGIS software
  • RSI ENVI
  • RockWare FIRSTPIX
  • ESRI ArcInfo
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Groundwater modeling system GMS
  • RockWare RockPack III
  • PolyMap
  • RockWare VEGO
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Geographic resources analysis support system GRASS
  • Landmark Graphics GeoGraphix
  • Enigma software
  • SeeByte SeeTrack
  • ESRI ArcIMS
  • Earthworks MaxiPit
  • ChemStat
  • Paleontological Statistics PAST
  • Microsoft Excel
  • IRIS Seismic Processing Workshop
  • BOSS Didger
  • MJ Systems Logsleuth
  • RockWare GeoTrig
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Centrifuges
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Illuminated microscopes
  • Bottom sampling equipment
  • Sediment samplers
  • Gravity meters
  • Sand grain size gauges
  • Rotoevaporators
  • Clinometers
  • Triple beam balances
  • Underwater cameras
  • Borehole cameras
  • Protractors
  • Jaw crushers
  • Tree corers
  • Optical compound microscopes
  • Seismic stations
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Thermistor chains
  • Pneumatic airscribes
  • Hand magnifying lenses
  • Microgravimeters
  • Sieve shakers
  • Planimeters
  • Total stations
  • Short-range radar equipment
  • Fluid inclusion microscopes
  • Rock picks
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Vertical sketchmasters
  • Core splitters
  • Temperature profile recorders
  • Fusion fluxes
  • Stereoscopes
  • Multibeam echosounders
  • Drying ovens
  • All terrain vehicles ATV
  • Electronic bench scales
  • Laser printers
  • Long range radar equipment
  • Plankton nets
  • Ground penetrating radar GPR
  • Geological compasses
  • Seismographs
  • Geophones
  • Colorimeters
  • Global positioning system GPS receivers
  • Water level recorders
  • Motorized mortars/pestles
  • Ultraviolet UV lamps
  • Gamma ray scintillometers
  • Mapping dividers
  • Laser rangefinders
  • Roto torque mixers
  • Dessicators
  • Carbon analyzers
  • Petrographic microscopes
  • Earth resistivity meters
  • One-atmosphere furnaces
  • Mechanical earth drills
  • Stereo microscopes
  • Cathodoluminescence scopes
  • Hand levels
  • Geological stratum compasses
  • Notebook computers
  • Video microscopes
  • Water sampler bottles
  • High temperature laboratory ovens
  • Underwater sediment bearing strength probes
  • Mobile wireless handheld communication devices
  • Pocket transits
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Seismic activity recorders
  • Tube samplers
  • Pocket magnetic susceptibility meters
  • Rock chisels
  • Dissolved oxygen meters
  • Rock magnetometers
  • Analog map measurers
  • Geo/paleo picks
  • Digital map measurers
  • X ray fluorescence spectrometers
  • Electrical conductivity meters
  • Towed sonars
  • Electron microprobes
  • Tubular water samplers
  • Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET surface area analyzers
  • Desktop computers
  • Argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopes
  • Rock saws
  • Test sieves
  • Echosounders
  • Thermal specimen demagnitizers
  • Isodynamic separators
  • Digital seismographs
  • Crack hammers
  • Digitizing tablets
  • Sun compasses
  • Scanners
  • Penetrometers
  • Electronic toploading balances
  • Digital alkalinity titrators
  • Magnetic susceptibility/anisotropy systems
  • Personal computers
  • Winches
  • Microsplitters
  • Chisel hammers
  • Biological dredges
  • Side scan sonars
  • Electrical conductivity cells
  • X ray fluorescence XRF lead detectors
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrophotometers
  • Mercury analyzers
  • Alternating field demagnitizers
  • Degaussing wands
  • Water current meters
  • Laser theodolites
  • Reverse osmosis systems
  • Ultrasonic sieve cleaners
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Digital cameras
  • Polarizing microscopes
  • Electron microscopes
  • Rangefinders
  • Automated core analysis systems
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Rotary grinders
  • Magnetic susceptibility/temperature systems
  • Impulse magnetizers
  • Submicron particle size analyzers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Mapping scale sets
  • Altimeters
  • Soil augers
  • Powered rock-coring drills
  • Fume hoods
  • Soil samplers
  • Portable organic vapor analyzers
  • Abney levels
  • Sediment piston corers
  • pH meters
  • Chromatographic scanners
  • Large-format plotters
  • Axes
  • Agitators
  • Radiation detectors
  • Hydraulic earth drills
  • Magnetic susceptibility measurement systems
  • Digitizers
  • Soft face hammers
  • Pry bars
  • Laboratory rock pulverizers
  • Microscope slides