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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #346 of 702. Estimated risk: 63.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

59%

“Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 59% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

35%

“Scientist” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 35% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Avg. Annual Salary $111,310
Avg. Hourly Wage $53.52
Available Jobs (US) 22,510
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers #19-2042
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management.

  • Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.

  • Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.

  • Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

  • Locate potential sources of geothermal energy.

  • Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.

  • Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination.

  • Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments.

  • Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.

  • Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.

  • Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.

  • Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities.

  • Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews.

  • Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.

  • Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion.

  • Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.

  • Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects.

  • Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.

  • Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery.

  • Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes.

  • Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems.

  • Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation.

  • Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes.

  • Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects.

  • Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.

  • Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.

  • Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications.

  • Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.

  • Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation.

  • Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.

  • Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy.

  • Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers.

Technologies & Software

  • Gemini (Google)
  • Gemcom Surpac
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Starpint Software Super Slug
  • Perplexity AI
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Compass software
  • Aquifer test software
  • PowerCAD
  • Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE
  • RockWare RockPack III
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Landmark Graphics GeoGraphix
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Python
  • SAS
  • Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
  • RockWare MicroMODEL
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic FlowPath II
  • Midland Valley 3DMove
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Hydrogeology Basin2
  • Groundwater modeling system GMS
  • IRIS Seismic Processing Workshop
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Paradigm SKUA-GOCAD
  • RockWare FIRSTPIX
  • EarthWorks Downhole Explorer
  • GeoModel
  • Clover Technology GALENA
  • ERDAS ER Mapper
  • Red Rock DeltaGraph
  • MySQL
  • Groundwater Vistas
  • HydroSOLVE AQTESOLV
  • RockWare Potent
  • Microsoft Project
  • Word processing software
  • National Geophysical Data Center GEODAS
  • Trimble Terramodel
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Waterloo Hydrogeologic AquaChem
  • TECHBASE
  • RockWare Grav2Dc
  • Scientific Software Group SVHeat
  • Bilko
  • Seismic visualization software
  • Well logging software
  • Email software
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Upperspace ModelCAD
  • ESRI ArcView
  • Seismic Micro-Technology KINGDOM
  • BOSS Didger
  • RockWare QuickSyn
  • Gresens 92
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • RockWare Plan
  • Data mining software
  • Parameter Estimation PEST
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • SACLANTCEN
  • Internet browser software
  • RockWare WinSism
  • IHS Energy PowerTools
  • MineSight
  • Triton Elics International SeaClass
  • RockWare RockWorks
  • PaleoMag
  • Git
  • ESRI ArcIMS
  • RSI ENVI
  • SeeByte SeeTrack
  • Scite AI
  • Geosoft Oasis montaj
  • PolyMap
  • Paleontological Statistics PAST
  • MIT OASES
  • Seismic interpretation software
  • RockWare Visual STUNT
  • GeoPLUS Petra
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Geographic information system GIS software
  • OpenOffice.org
  • RockWare GRADIX
  • Upperspace DesignCAD
  • Geostatistics software GS+
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • RockWare GeoTrig
  • Scientific Software Group FEFLOW
  • MICRODEM
  • Landmark VIP
  • RockWare Stratbugs
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Socorro Scientific Software Refract2K
  • RockWare Erupt
  • PaleoTax
  • Elicit
  • Bentley Systems gINT
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • EasySolve Software SizePerm
  • RockWare VEGO
  • Systat Software SigmaStat
  • Rockware CrossLog
  • Geographic information system GIS systems
  • Evolution Computing FastCAD
  • Solvcalv
  • ESRI ArcGIS software
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Geo-Logic Systems LithoTect Interpreter
  • Consensus
  • Enigma software
  • Geosoft DAP server
  • Geostatistical modeling GSTAT software
  • Geographic resources analysis support system GRASS
  • Mapping software
  • RockWare DepthCon2000
  • Gemcom GEMS
  • Geospatial data abstraction library GDAL
  • Scientific Software Group Infinite Extent
  • RockWare ChemFlux
  • RockWare Jlog
  • EarthSoft EQuIS Geology
  • Shape software
  • EPIC GIS
  • ChemStat
  • MHC Document Express
  • Atoll GeoCAD
  • Maptek Vulcan
  • ACD Systems Canvas
  • Microsoft Access
  • Geomechanical design analysis GDA software
  • Earthworks MaxiPit
  • Data logger software
  • CrystalMaker
  • Terrain surface mapping software
  • Alara CRystalView
  • Interpex IXID
  • MapInfo Professional
  • MJ Systems Logsleuth
  • RockWare Geochemist's Workbench GWB
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Schlumberger Inside Reality
  • MineGeo software
  • Golden Software Surfer
  • ESRI ArcInfo
  • Field data recorder software
  • Intergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSK
  • Evolution Computing EasyCAD
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • StrainSim
  • DeepSeek
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET surface area analyzers
  • High temperature laboratory ovens
  • Pry bars
  • Illuminated microscopes
  • Test sieves
  • Analog map measurers
  • Rotary grinders
  • Agitators
  • Fume hoods
  • Automated core analysis systems
  • Hydraulic earth drills
  • Electronic bench scales
  • Temperature profile recorders
  • Abney levels
  • Tree corers
  • Digitizers
  • Digital alkalinity titrators
  • Borehole cameras
  • Soil augers
  • Laser rangefinders
  • Protractors
  • One-atmosphere furnaces
  • Mainframe computers
  • Total stations
  • Chisel hammers
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Magnetic susceptibility/anisotropy systems
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrophotometers
  • Stereoscopes
  • Radiation detectors
  • Microsplitters
  • Pocket magnetic susceptibility meters
  • Powered rock-coring drills
  • Sediment samplers
  • Gravity meters
  • Mass spectrometers
  • X ray fluorescence spectrometers
  • Rock saws
  • Laboratory rock pulverizers
  • Geo/paleo picks
  • Reverse osmosis systems
  • Tube samplers
  • Ion chromatographs
  • Magnetic susceptibility measurement systems
  • Petrographic microscopes
  • Short-range radar equipment
  • X ray fluorescence XRF lead detectors
  • Sun compasses
  • Notebook computers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Desktop computers
  • Isodynamic separators
  • Core splitters
  • Electron microprobes
  • Electronic toploading balances
  • Digital map measurers
  • Pneumatic airscribes
  • Motorized mortars/pestles
  • Microscope slides
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Penetrometers
  • Stereo microscopes
  • Clinometers
  • Jaw crushers
  • Microgravimeters
  • Altimeters
  • pH meters
  • Thermal specimen demagnitizers
  • Digital seismographs
  • Towed sonars
  • Large-format plotters
  • Sieve shakers
  • Roto torque mixers
  • Rotoevaporators
  • Electrical conductivity cells
  • Sediment piston corers
  • Dissolved oxygen meters
  • Geological stratum compasses
  • Plankton nets
  • Sand grain size gauges
  • Seismographs
  • Underwater sediment bearing strength probes
  • Mobile wireless handheld communication devices
  • Water sampler bottles
  • Ultraviolet UV lamps
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Electrical conductivity meters
  • Mapping dividers
  • Earth resistivity meters
  • Mercury analyzers
  • Seismic stations
  • Long range radar equipment
  • Video microscopes
  • Tubular water samplers
  • X ray diffractometers
  • Gamma ray scintillometers
  • Rock magnetometers
  • Mapping scale sets
  • Cathodoluminescence scopes
  • Triple beam balances
  • Rock chisels
  • Magnetic susceptibility/temperature systems
  • Water level recorders
  • Geophones
  • Polarizing microscopes
  • Soil samplers
  • Fusion fluxes
  • Mechanical earth drills
  • Laser theodolites
  • Vertical sketchmasters
  • Echosounders
  • Portable organic vapor analyzers
  • Thermistor chains
  • Ground penetrating radar GPR
  • Biological dredges
  • Rangefinders
  • Centrifuges
  • Digitizing tablets
  • Scanners
  • Water current meters
  • Geological compasses
  • Ultrasonic sieve cleaners
  • Colorimeters
  • Multibeam echosounders
  • Planimeters
  • Hand magnifying lenses
  • Fluid inclusion microscopes
  • Seismic activity recorders
  • Crack hammers
  • Side scan sonars
  • Degaussing wands
  • Impulse magnetizers
  • Digital cameras
  • Soft face hammers
  • Hand levels
  • Underwater cameras
  • Global positioning system GPS receivers
  • Pocket transits
  • All terrain vehicles ATV
  • Chromatographic scanners
  • Axes
  • Bottom sampling equipment
  • Winches
  • Drying ovens
  • Alternating field demagnitizers
  • Carbon analyzers
  • Optical compound microscopes
  • Laser printers
  • Submicron particle size analyzers
  • Rock picks
  • Personal computers
  • Argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopes
  • Dessicators