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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Black Top Raker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Black Top Raker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Black Top Raker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

Technologies & Software

  • Microsoft Windows
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Buildots AI
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Procore AI
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Tappers
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Oil distributors
  • Jig saws
  • Disc grinders
  • Fencing pliers
  • Asphalt saws
  • Hammers
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Air compressors
  • Post hole augers
  • Theodolites
  • Torches
  • Slings
  • Smudge pots
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Axes
  • Plaster mixers
  • Winches
  • Tampers
  • Hand trucks
  • Tripods
  • Surveying rods
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Trowels
  • Loaders
  • Levels
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Generators
  • Impact wrenches
  • Drill presses
  • Belt conveyors
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Water levels
  • Scaffolding
  • Caulking guns
  • Temperature probes
  • Cold chisels
  • Impact hammers
  • Picks
  • Ladders
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Bench grinders
  • Pickup trucks
  • Forks
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Hammer drills
  • Power buggies
  • Rotary hammers
  • Trenchers
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Concrete mixers
  • Paddle mixers
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Two way radios
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Mowing equipment
  • Jackhammers
  • Saws
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Gin poles
  • Manlifts
  • Bosun chairs
  • Floats
  • Paint sprayers
  • Dump trucks
  • Protective suits
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Laser levels
  • Sandblasters
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Plasma cutters
  • Tape measures
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Crawler shovels
  • Earth tampers
  • Scarifiers
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Hand grinders
  • Water tank trucks
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Laser screeds
  • Hoists
  • Road rollers
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Chipping guns
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Spades
  • Cutoff saws
  • Brick hammers
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Forklifts
  • Kerosene burners
  • Circular saws
  • Steam jennies
  • Floor saws
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Mortar hoes
  • Salamanders
  • Crowbars
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Cable pullers
  • Mud jacks
  • Screeds
  • Snowplows
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Cutout saws
  • Chain saws
  • Brick tongs
  • Weed sprayers
  • Punches
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Swing chairs
  • Suction sweepers
  • Bale hooks
  • Welding hoods
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Scissor lifts
  • Spirit levels
  • Measuring wheels
  • Stump cutters
  • Bandsaws
  • Motor graders
  • Tuck pointers
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Calipers
  • Guniting machines
  • Nail guns
  • Saber saws
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Micrometers
  • Screwdrivers
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Power sanders
  • Mattocks
  • Demolition saws
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Pressure washers
  • Smoke testers
  • Floor sanders
  • Hole cutters
  • Power drills
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Mortar mixers
  • Coring machines
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Swing stages
  • Rakes
  • Wire stretchers
  • Air drills
  • Chip spreaders
  • Water samplers
  • Respirators
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Wagon drills
  • Electric drills
  • Pavement breakers
  • Electric boring machines
  • Concrete saws
  • Asphalt mops
  • Plumb bobs
  • Transit levels
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Shovels

Alternative Job Titles