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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Pick and Shovel Worker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

Technologies & Software

  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Buildots AI
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Word
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Procore AI
  • Electric boring machines
  • Winches
  • Micrometers
  • Floor sanders
  • Scaffolding
  • Cable pullers
  • Rotary hammers
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Impact hammers
  • Forklifts
  • Impact wrenches
  • Power sanders
  • Swing stages
  • Transit levels
  • Caulking guns
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Smudge pots
  • Plumb bobs
  • Electric drills
  • Swing chairs
  • Demolition saws
  • Power buggies
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Kerosene burners
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Tuck pointers
  • Jig saws
  • Tripods
  • Bale hooks
  • Dump trucks
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Pickup trucks
  • Temperature probes
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Concrete mixers
  • Air drills
  • Levels
  • Water levels
  • Jackhammers
  • Water samplers
  • Weed sprayers
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Scissor lifts
  • Respirators
  • Air compressors
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Tappers
  • Hand trucks
  • Torches
  • Snowplows
  • Earth tampers
  • Belt conveyors
  • Bandsaws
  • Wire stretchers
  • Floats
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Wagon drills
  • Picks
  • Brick hammers
  • Plaster mixers
  • Hand grinders
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Slings
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Smoke testers
  • Tampers
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Steam jennies
  • Hammers
  • Disc grinders
  • Gin poles
  • Cold chisels
  • Chipping guns
  • Rakes
  • Water tank trucks
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Brick tongs
  • Bench grinders
  • Trowels
  • Sandblasters
  • Chain saws
  • Asphalt saws
  • Cutout saws
  • Crowbars
  • Bosun chairs
  • Fencing pliers
  • Pavement breakers
  • Welding hoods
  • Ladders
  • Oil distributors
  • Pressure washers
  • Mortar hoes
  • Cutoff saws
  • Two way radios
  • Laser screeds
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Guniting machines
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Punches
  • Mattocks
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Paddle mixers
  • Coring machines
  • Salamanders
  • Power drills
  • Theodolites
  • Spades
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Suction sweepers
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Screeds
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Loaders
  • Protective suits
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Concrete saws
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Tape measures
  • Crawler shovels
  • Mowing equipment
  • Surveying rods
  • Mud jacks
  • Trenchers
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Stump cutters
  • Asphalt mops
  • Plasma cutters
  • Shovels
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Saws
  • Axes
  • Road rollers
  • Screwdrivers
  • Nail guns
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Post hole augers
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Forks
  • Spirit levels
  • Mortar mixers
  • Paint sprayers
  • Saber saws
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Scarifiers
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Manlifts
  • Hole cutters
  • Floor saws
  • Hoists
  • Drill presses
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Laser levels
  • Measuring wheels
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Generators
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Chip spreaders
  • Calipers
  • Motor graders
  • Hammer drills
  • Circular saws

Alternative Job Titles