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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Pick and Shovel Worker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

Technologies & Software

  • Microsoft Office software
  • Buildots AI
  • Microsoft Excel
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Procore AI
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Microsoft Word
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Slings
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Spirit levels
  • Suction sweepers
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Paint sprayers
  • Bosun chairs
  • Picks
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Chip spreaders
  • Salamanders
  • Tape measures
  • Asphalt mops
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Generators
  • Forks
  • Saber saws
  • Hoists
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Stump cutters
  • Welding hoods
  • Chipping guns
  • Mattocks
  • Rotary hammers
  • Water levels
  • Pavement breakers
  • Bandsaws
  • Mowing equipment
  • Cable pullers
  • Calipers
  • Dump trucks
  • Crawler shovels
  • Power buggies
  • Power drills
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Road rollers
  • Hammer drills
  • Caulking guns
  • Steam jennies
  • Tappers
  • Gin poles
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Hand trucks
  • Wire stretchers
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Spades
  • Demolition saws
  • Winches
  • Pressure washers
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Brick hammers
  • Nail guns
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Power sanders
  • Saws
  • Oil distributors
  • Motor graders
  • Chain saws
  • Kerosene burners
  • Measuring wheels
  • Floor sanders
  • Levels
  • Two way radios
  • Bale hooks
  • Trowels
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Loaders
  • Cold chisels
  • Scissor lifts
  • Impact wrenches
  • Forklifts
  • Theodolites
  • Belt conveyors
  • Post hole augers
  • Temperature probes
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Crowbars
  • Cutoff saws
  • Smudge pots
  • Pickup trucks
  • Rakes
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Manlifts
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Swing stages
  • Asphalt saws
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Brick tongs
  • Tuck pointers
  • Trenchers
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Jig saws
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Mortar hoes
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Hand grinders
  • Micrometers
  • Scarifiers
  • Guniting machines
  • Smoke testers
  • Floor saws
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Floats
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Air drills
  • Screwdrivers
  • Disc grinders
  • Tampers
  • Wagon drills
  • Circular saws
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Earth tampers
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Mud jacks
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Scaffolding
  • Plasma cutters
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Electric boring machines
  • Concrete mixers
  • Water tank trucks
  • Paddle mixers
  • Electric drills
  • Torches
  • Laser levels
  • Ladders
  • Plumb bobs
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Concrete saws
  • Mortar mixers
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Drill presses
  • Hammers
  • Transit levels
  • Coring machines
  • Bench grinders
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Screeds
  • Air compressors
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Tripods
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Water samplers
  • Respirators
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Protective suits
  • Fencing pliers
  • Swing chairs
  • Weed sprayers
  • Impact hammers
  • Jackhammers
  • Cutout saws
  • Snowplows
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Laser screeds
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Sandblasters
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Hole cutters
  • Axes
  • Punches
  • Plaster mixers
  • Surveying rods
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Shovels

Alternative Job Titles