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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Pick and Shovel Worker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

Technologies & Software

  • Autodesk Revit
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Buildots AI
  • Microsoft Word
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Procore AI
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Guniting machines
  • Hole cutters
  • Nail guns
  • Measuring wheels
  • Wagon drills
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Floor saws
  • Winches
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Caulking guns
  • Surveying rods
  • Demolition saws
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Snowplows
  • Concrete mixers
  • Mortar hoes
  • Hand grinders
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Laser screeds
  • Levels
  • Mattocks
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Asphalt mops
  • Tripods
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Spades
  • Wire stretchers
  • Impact wrenches
  • Cutoff saws
  • Fencing pliers
  • Torches
  • Crowbars
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Circular saws
  • Belt conveyors
  • Disc grinders
  • Welding hoods
  • Ladders
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Floats
  • Smudge pots
  • Gin poles
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Calipers
  • Rakes
  • Spirit levels
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Electric boring machines
  • Plaster mixers
  • Respirators
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Suction sweepers
  • Dump trucks
  • Scissor lifts
  • Mortar mixers
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Theodolites
  • Picks
  • Motor graders
  • Swing stages
  • Smoke testers
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Floor sanders
  • Hoists
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Water tank trucks
  • Plasma cutters
  • Hand trucks
  • Salamanders
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Pavement breakers
  • Steam jennies
  • Saber saws
  • Laser levels
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Axes
  • Generators
  • Tampers
  • Asphalt saws
  • Brick hammers
  • Cutout saws
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Water levels
  • Tappers
  • Power buggies
  • Shovels
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Scarifiers
  • Post hole augers
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Water samplers
  • Concrete saws
  • Coring machines
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Chipping guns
  • Impact hammers
  • Trenchers
  • Forklifts
  • Bale hooks
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Pickup trucks
  • Power sanders
  • Loaders
  • Swing chairs
  • Hammer drills
  • Hammers
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Power drills
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Forks
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Stump cutters
  • Paddle mixers
  • Jig saws
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Cold chisels
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Chain saws
  • Manlifts
  • Scaffolding
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Brick tongs
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Temperature probes
  • Screeds
  • Electric drills
  • Punches
  • Crawler shovels
  • Tuck pointers
  • Slings
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Micrometers
  • Two way radios
  • Transit levels
  • Protective suits
  • Cable pullers
  • Road rollers
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Tape measures
  • Rotary hammers
  • Sandblasters
  • Trowels
  • Screwdrivers
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Jackhammers
  • Pressure washers
  • Mud jacks
  • Bandsaws
  • Air drills
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Bench grinders
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Bosun chairs
  • Air compressors
  • Saws
  • Plumb bobs
  • Chip spreaders
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Kerosene burners
  • Oil distributors
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Weed sprayers
  • Drill presses
  • Mowing equipment
  • Earth tampers
  • Paint sprayers

Alternative Job Titles