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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Macadam Raker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Macadam Raker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Macadam Raker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

Technologies & Software

  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Buildots AI
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Procore AI
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Suction sweepers
  • Measuring wheels
  • Scaffolding
  • Oil distributors
  • Smoke testers
  • Two way radios
  • Slings
  • Earth tampers
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Motor graders
  • Spirit levels
  • Axes
  • Screwdrivers
  • Pavement breakers
  • Gin poles
  • Wire stretchers
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Winches
  • Plasma cutters
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Cutout saws
  • Tuck pointers
  • Chipping guns
  • Paddle mixers
  • Drill presses
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Mortar hoes
  • Fencing pliers
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Temperature probes
  • Cable pullers
  • Jig saws
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Smudge pots
  • Calipers
  • Air compressors
  • Electric boring machines
  • Dump trucks
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Jackhammers
  • Chip spreaders
  • Coring machines
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Saber saws
  • Shovels
  • Swing chairs
  • Saws
  • Micrometers
  • Mowing equipment
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Water levels
  • Levels
  • Guniting machines
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Laser levels
  • Hand grinders
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Picks
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Generators
  • Air drills
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Scarifiers
  • Crowbars
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Hand trucks
  • Plumb bobs
  • Circular saws
  • Pressure washers
  • Brick hammers
  • Trowels
  • Hoists
  • Tampers
  • Tripods
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Theodolites
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Forklifts
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Water tank trucks
  • Manlifts
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Tappers
  • Disc grinders
  • Kerosene burners
  • Snowplows
  • Surveying rods
  • Stump cutters
  • Punches
  • Nail guns
  • Loaders
  • Mortar mixers
  • Protective suits
  • Trenchers
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Bench grinders
  • Salamanders
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Hammer drills
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Torches
  • Forks
  • Hammers
  • Wagon drills
  • Demolition saws
  • Welding hoods
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Asphalt saws
  • Transit levels
  • Cutoff saws
  • Rakes
  • Pickup trucks
  • Spades
  • Power buggies
  • Mud jacks
  • Respirators
  • Concrete mixers
  • Floor sanders
  • Swing stages
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Floats
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Weed sprayers
  • Cold chisels
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Concrete saws
  • Steam jennies
  • Power sanders
  • Water samplers
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Impact hammers
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Mattocks
  • Brick tongs
  • Belt conveyors
  • Crawler shovels
  • Caulking guns
  • Post hole augers
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Bale hooks
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Bosun chairs
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Plaster mixers
  • Laser screeds
  • Chain saws
  • Power drills
  • Tape measures
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Rotary hammers
  • Screeds
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Floor saws
  • Electric drills
  • Ladders
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Hole cutters
  • Sandblasters
  • Bandsaws
  • Road rollers
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Scissor lifts
  • Impact wrenches
  • Asphalt mops
  • Paint sprayers

Alternative Job Titles