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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Macadam Raker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Macadam Raker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Macadam Raker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

Technologies & Software

  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Procore AI
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Buildots AI
  • Winches
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Floats
  • Floor saws
  • Remote pipe cameras
  • Welding hoods
  • Laser levels
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Circular saws
  • Road rollers
  • Spirit levels
  • Picks
  • Tripods
  • Salamanders
  • Bandsaws
  • Saber saws
  • Stump cutters
  • Fencing pliers
  • Screeds
  • Torches
  • Demolition saws
  • Hole cutters
  • Plasma cutters
  • Forklifts
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Earth tampers
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Drill presses
  • Protective suits
  • Rotary hammers
  • Power sanders
  • Caulking guns
  • Bosun chairs
  • Mowing equipment
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Cutoff saws
  • Spades
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Chipping guns
  • Concrete mixers
  • Hand trucks
  • Chain saws
  • Paddle mixers
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Snowplows
  • Wagon drills
  • Floor sanders
  • Water levels
  • Slings
  • Coring machines
  • Bench grinders
  • Mortar mixers
  • Manlifts
  • Trowels
  • Jig saws
  • Motor graders
  • Crowbars
  • Saws
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Power buggies
  • Smoke testers
  • Belt conveyors
  • Mud jacks
  • Post hole augers
  • Two way radios
  • Levels
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Electric drills
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Screwdrivers
  • Electric boring machines
  • Concrete saws
  • Surveying rods
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Laser screeds
  • Scarifiers
  • Transit levels
  • Suction sweepers
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Tappers
  • Respirators
  • Cutout saws
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Mortar hoes
  • Hammer drills
  • Sandblasters
  • Tampers
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Jackhammers
  • Pickup trucks
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Water samplers
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Asphalt saws
  • Rakes
  • Loaders
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Steam jennies
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Pressure washers
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Hand grinders
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Theodolites
  • Smudge pots
  • Temperature probes
  • Pavement breakers
  • Cold chisels
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Wire stretchers
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Hammers
  • Scaffolding
  • Bale hooks
  • Nail guns
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Shovels
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Impact hammers
  • Swing chairs
  • Paint sprayers
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Forks
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Brick tongs
  • Tape measures
  • Water tank trucks
  • Kerosene burners
  • Chip spreaders
  • Power drills
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Cable pullers
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Gin poles
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Mattocks
  • Micrometers
  • Air compressors
  • Swing stages
  • Brick hammers
  • Punches
  • Weed sprayers
  • Air drills
  • Disc grinders
  • Scissor lifts
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Ladders
  • Impact wrenches
  • Guniting machines
  • Calipers
  • Measuring wheels
  • Oil distributors
  • Asphalt mops
  • Tuck pointers
  • Trenchers
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Axes
  • Hoists
  • Plumb bobs
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Dump trucks
  • Plaster mixers
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Generators
  • Crawler shovels

Alternative Job Titles