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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Pick and Shovel Worker” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #512 of 702. Estimated risk: 88.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

48%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 48% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

56%

“Pick and Shovel Worker” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 56% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Construction Laborers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Avg. Annual Salary $51,260
Avg. Hourly Wage $24.64
Available Jobs (US) 1,057,660
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Construction Laborers #47-2061
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Construction Laborers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment.

  • Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons.

  • Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

  • Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

  • Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools.

  • Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials.

  • Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement.

  • Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

  • Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes.

  • Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.

  • Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

  • Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.

  • Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls.

  • Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones.

  • Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms.

  • Raze buildings or salvage useful materials.

  • Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

  • Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes.

  • Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

  • Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

  • Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

  • Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications.

  • Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.

  • Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments.

  • Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers.

  • Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air.

  • Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures.

Technologies & Software

  • Gemini for Workspace
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Buildots AI
  • Procore AI
  • Microsoft Word
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Autodesk Revit
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Chip spreaders
  • Surveying rods
  • Paint sprayers
  • Masonry forklifts
  • Fencing pliers
  • Shovels
  • Robotic pipe cutters
  • Electric boring machines
  • Chain saws
  • Power screwdrivers
  • Water tank trucks
  • Disc grinders
  • Winches
  • Measuring wheels
  • Water levels
  • Floor saws
  • Pneumatic staplers
  • Hole cutters
  • Loaders
  • Hoists
  • Air monitoring equipment
  • Tampers
  • Jig saws
  • Saws
  • Kerosene burners
  • Picks
  • Drill presses
  • Ladders
  • Laser levels
  • Floats
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Sandblasters
  • Swing stages
  • Dynamite blasters
  • Temperature probes
  • Air compressors
  • Asphalt kettles
  • Snowplows
  • Torches
  • Nail guns
  • Spades
  • Jackhammers
  • Impact wrenches
  • Mattocks
  • Generators
  • Circular saws
  • Oxygen/acetylene torches
  • Post hole augers
  • Pickup trucks
  • Screeds
  • Walk-behind compacting equipment
  • Road rollers
  • Hydraulic boring machines
  • Saber saws
  • Air drills
  • Vibratory plate compactors
  • Bale hooks
  • Screwdrivers
  • Robotic pipe cleaners
  • Rakes
  • Suction sweepers
  • Tape measures
  • Respirators
  • Levels
  • Pressure washers
  • Smoke testers
  • Ride-on vacuum cleaners
  • Transit levels
  • Two way radios
  • Power drills
  • Mortar hoes
  • Plaster mixers
  • Plasma cutters
  • Pneumatic drills
  • Punches
  • Crowbars
  • Theodolites
  • Concrete saws
  • Carpenters' levels
  • Cutout saws
  • Laser measuring devices
  • Tuck pointers
  • Tripods
  • Adjustable widemouth pliers
  • Stump cutters
  • Trenchers
  • Oil distributors
  • Trowels
  • Electric drills
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Jet trucks for cleaning sewer lines
  • Forks
  • Coring machines
  • Liquid propane torches
  • Walk-behind saws
  • Wagon drills
  • Laser screeds
  • Hydraulic chainsaws
  • Hammers
  • Protective suits
  • Wire stretchers
  • Dump trucks
  • Steam cleaning equipment
  • Sewer cleaner vactors
  • Spirit levels
  • Smudge pots
  • Plumb bobs
  • Scarifiers
  • Belt conveyors
  • Cable pullers
  • Axes
  • Hydraulic rock drills
  • Hydraulic booms
  • Caulking guns
  • Asphalt saws
  • Cold chisels
  • Hand grinders
  • Swing chairs
  • Rough terrain forklifts
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Hydraulic speed shoring equipment
  • Sewer rodding machines
  • Demolition saws
  • Stucco spray guns
  • Bandsaws
  • Power buggies
  • Mortar mixers
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Micrometers
  • Weed sprayers
  • Fall arrest systems
  • Earth tampers
  • Brick tongs
  • Hydraulic track-guided wall saws
  • Floor sanders
  • Motor graders
  • Paddle mixers
  • Skid steer loaders
  • Rotary hammers
  • Brick hammers
  • Power sanders
  • Carpenters' squares
  • Water spraying equipment
  • Bench grinders
  • Hammer drills
  • Slings
  • Chipping guns
  • Tappers
  • Welding hoods
  • Cutoff saws
  • Calipers
  • Pavement breakers
  • Concrete pumpers
  • Hand trucks
  • Mowing equipment
  • Water samplers
  • Sidewalk sweepers
  • Mud jacks
  • Impact hammers
  • Steam jennies
  • Gin poles
  • Manlifts
  • Scaffolding
  • Brick carrier forks
  • Salamanders
  • Crawler shovels
  • Forklifts
  • Asphalt mops
  • Guniting machines
  • Scissor lifts
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Laser guidance equipment for pipe placement
  • Bosun chairs
  • Concrete mixers
  • Remote pipe cameras

Alternative Job Titles