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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Mass Spectroscopist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Mass Spectroscopist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Mass Spectroscopist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

Technologies & Software

  • Microsoft Access
  • Perplexity AI
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Statistical software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Pascal
  • SciGraphica
  • Ansible software
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • VMware
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Xfig
  • DeepSeek
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Oracle Database
  • xv
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • OriginLab Origin
  • JavaScript
  • Adobe Audition
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Oracle Java
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Gnuplot
  • OpenStack
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Dose modeling software
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Python
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Puppet
  • Elicit
  • SQLite
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Scite AI
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Ploticus
  • UNIX
  • Video analysis software
  • GNU Octave
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Linux
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Software development tools
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • REDUCE
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Consensus
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Git
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Database application software
  • SciLab
  • Canu
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • C
  • Perl
  • Scribus
  • Microsoft Office software
  • C++
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • CERN ROOT
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Microsoft Excel
  • MySQL
  • Monochromators
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Diode lasers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Light scattering devices
  • Gaussmeters
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Accelerometers
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Spring scales
  • Digital multimeters
  • Optical choppers
  • Personal computers
  • Surface profilometers
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Grating monochromators
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Digital plotters
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Photometer
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Vacuum stations
  • Double monochromators
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Optical detectors
  • Cyclotrons
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Interferometers
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Scintillation probes
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Function generators
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Photon counting systems
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Neutron detectors
  • Vibration exciters
  • Analytical balances
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Digital sound level meters
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Laptop computers
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Laser power meters
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Pistonphones
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Linear accelerators
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Galvanostats
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Optical tables
  • Helium lasers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Ionization chambers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Betatrons
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Pinhole filters
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Desktop computers
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Photodetectors
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Signal generators
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Particle counters
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Cryostats
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Electron microscopes
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Telescopes
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Safety goggles

Alternative Job Titles