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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Mass Spectroscopist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Mass Spectroscopist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Mass Spectroscopist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

Technologies & Software

  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Xfig
  • Microsoft Windows
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Video analysis software
  • Linux
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Microsoft Excel
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Ploticus
  • Oracle Java
  • Puppet
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Perl
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Ansible software
  • Scribus
  • CERN ROOT
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Python
  • xv
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Gnuplot
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Perplexity AI
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Canu
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Database application software
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Dose modeling software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Pascal
  • VMware
  • Microsoft Access
  • Statistical software
  • REDUCE
  • JavaScript
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • SQLite
  • MySQL
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Software development tools
  • Consensus
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Scite AI
  • GNU Octave
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Oracle Database
  • DeepSeek
  • SciGraphica
  • Git
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • SciLab
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Adobe Audition
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • C
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • C++
  • Elicit
  • OpenStack
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Microsoft Office software
  • UNIX
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Digital plotters
  • Personal computers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Particle counters
  • Telescopes
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Spring scales
  • Power amplifiers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Optical tables
  • Digital multimeters
  • Laptop computers
  • Optical choppers
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Scintillation probes
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Neutron detectors
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Betatrons
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Function generators
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Grating monochromators
  • Surface profilometers
  • Cryostats
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Double monochromators
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Desktop computers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Photometer
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Laser power meters
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Interferometers
  • Photodetectors
  • Signal generators
  • Vibration exciters
  • Pistonphones
  • Optical detectors
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Pinhole filters
  • Gaussmeters
  • Linear accelerators
  • Vacuum stations
  • Safety goggles
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Photon counting systems
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Cyclotrons
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Light scattering devices
  • Monochromators
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Ionization chambers
  • Helium lasers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Analytical balances
  • Diode lasers
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Accelerometers
  • Galvanostats
  • Electron microscopes
  • Prism spectrometers

Alternative Job Titles