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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Molecular Spectroscopist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Molecular Spectroscopist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Molecular Spectroscopist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

Technologies & Software

  • Extensible markup language XML
  • C++
  • Microsoft Access
  • Microsoft Word
  • Grok (xAI)
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Elicit
  • Python
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Xfig
  • SciGraphica
  • UNIX
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • JavaScript
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Scribus
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Oracle Database
  • Scite AI
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Git
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • DeepSeek
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Oracle Java
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Ploticus
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • VMware
  • Video analysis software
  • Consensus
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • OriginLab Origin
  • xv
  • Perl
  • Perplexity AI
  • Statistical software
  • SciLab
  • GNU Octave
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • C
  • Software development tools
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Adobe Audition
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Database application software
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Ansible software
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • REDUCE
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • OpenStack
  • Puppet
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Dose modeling software
  • Spectroscopy software
  • MySQL
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Linux
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Pascal
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Gnuplot
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Canu
  • Llama (Meta)
  • SQLite
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • CERN ROOT
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Surface profilometers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Diode lasers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Interferometers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Spectrophotometers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Laptop computers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Double monochromators
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Digital plotters
  • Cyclotrons
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Optical tweezers
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Grating monochromators
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Function generators
  • Electron microscopes
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Cryostats
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Optical detectors
  • Personal computers
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • High-speed video cameras
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Scintillation probes
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Photometer
  • Galvanostats
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Safety goggles
  • Betatrons
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Photon counting systems
  • Spring scales
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Telescopes
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Signal generators
  • Light scattering devices
  • Vacuum stations
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Digital multimeters
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Neutron detectors
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Monochromators
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Accelerometers
  • Helium lasers
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Laser power meters
  • Linear accelerators
  • Particle counters
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Vibration exciters
  • Analytical balances
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Pinhole filters
  • Optical choppers
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Ionization chambers
  • Photodetectors
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Argon ion lasers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Pistonphones
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Desktop computers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Optical tables
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers

Alternative Job Titles