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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Molecular Spectroscopist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Molecular Spectroscopist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Molecular Spectroscopist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

Technologies & Software

  • SciGraphica
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Gnuplot
  • MySQL
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Database application software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Scite AI
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Adobe Audition
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • REDUCE
  • Consensus
  • Statistical software
  • OpenStack
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Video analysis software
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Git
  • VMware
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Software development tools
  • Ploticus
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Scribus
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • OriginLab Origin
  • C
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Microsoft Word
  • SQLite
  • Linux
  • UNIX
  • Python
  • Pascal
  • Dose modeling software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • GNU Octave
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Perl
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • xv
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Puppet
  • Xfig
  • CERN ROOT
  • Canu
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Ansible software
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Llama (Meta)
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • C++
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Perplexity AI
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • DeepSeek
  • Oracle Database
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Elicit
  • Microsoft Access
  • JavaScript
  • Oracle Java
  • SciLab
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Galvanostats
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Electron microscopes
  • Cryostats
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Optical detectors
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Cyclotrons
  • Neutron detectors
  • Laptop computers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Function generators
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Gaussmeters
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Digital plotters
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Spring scales
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Vibration exciters
  • Digital multimeters
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Optical tables
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Laser power meters
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Personal computers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Interferometers
  • Photodetectors
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Ionization chambers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Monochromators
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Desktop computers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Signal generators
  • Power amplifiers
  • Photometer
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Betatrons
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Telescopes
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Double monochromators
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Photon counting systems
  • Annealing furnaces
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Analytical balances
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Linear accelerators
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Diode lasers
  • Pistonphones
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Particle counters
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Grating monochromators
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Safety goggles
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Scintillation probes
  • Optical choppers
  • Surface profilometers
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Helium lasers
  • Accelerometers
  • Pinhole filters
  • Leak detection equipment
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Vacuum stations
  • Analog sound level meters