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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Theoretical Physicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Theoretical Physicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Theoretical Physicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

Technologies & Software

  • C++
  • Xfig
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Scribus
  • Statistical software
  • GNU Octave
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Dose modeling software
  • Gnuplot
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Ploticus
  • CERN ROOT
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Database application software
  • Linux
  • C
  • Microsoft Excel
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • VMware
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Ansible software
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Git
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • UNIX
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Microsoft Word
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Elicit
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • OpenStack
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Microsoft Office software
  • SQLite
  • Oracle Java
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • REDUCE
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • OriginLab Origin
  • MySQL
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Oracle Database
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Adobe Audition
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Structured query language SQL
  • DeepSeek
  • Perl
  • Scite AI
  • JavaScript
  • Video analysis software
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Access
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • SciLab
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Consensus
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Perplexity AI
  • Canu
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • xv
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Python
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Puppet
  • Software development tools
  • SciGraphica
  • Pascal
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Spring scales
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Digital multimeters
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Gaussmeters
  • Laser power meters
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Optical choppers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Desktop computers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Optical tables
  • Safety goggles
  • Pinhole filters
  • Ionization chambers
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Interferometers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Cryostats
  • Telescopes
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • High vacuum equipment
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Function generators
  • Linear accelerators
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Electron microscopes
  • Personal computers
  • Double monochromators
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Vacuum stations
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Grating monochromators
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Digital plotters
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Cyclotrons
  • Betatrons
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Light scattering devices
  • Helium lasers
  • Particle counters
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Vibration exciters
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Photometer
  • Microwave interferometers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Galvanostats
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Analog sound level meters
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Signal generators
  • Power amplifiers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Pistonphones
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Optical detectors
  • Surface profilometers
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Laptop computers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Monochromators
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Analytical balances
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Accelerometers
  • Photodetectors
  • Diode lasers
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Neutron detectors
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Photon counting systems
  • Arbitrary function generators