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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Theoretical Physicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Theoretical Physicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Theoretical Physicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

Technologies & Software

  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • SciLab
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • JavaScript
  • C
  • Consensus
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Ploticus
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Perplexity AI
  • Oracle Java
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Ansible software
  • Perl
  • xv
  • REDUCE
  • Linux
  • DeepSeek
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Pascal
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Gnuplot
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • UNIX
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Scite AI
  • GNU Octave
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Oracle Database
  • CERN ROOT
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • SQLite
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Adobe Audition
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Elicit
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Xfig
  • Software development tools
  • Scribus
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Python
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Video analysis software
  • MySQL
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Puppet
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • VMware
  • OpenStack
  • Dose modeling software
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Database application software
  • SciGraphica
  • C++
  • Canu
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Statistical software
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Git
  • Microsoft Access
  • Vacuum stations
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Photometer
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Optical tweezers
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Optical choppers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Function generators
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Laser power meters
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Ionization chambers
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Optical tables
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Spring scales
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Optical detectors
  • Photon counting systems
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Linear accelerators
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Betatrons
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Neutron detectors
  • Personal computers
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Grating monochromators
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Interferometers
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Helium lasers
  • Pistonphones
  • Monochromators
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Accelerometers
  • Digital multimeters
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Diode lasers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Cryostats
  • Light scattering devices
  • Digital plotters
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Photodetectors
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Safety goggles
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Desktop computers
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Analytical balances
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Galvanostats
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Vibration exciters
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Scintillation probes
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Double monochromators
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Surface profilometers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Cyclotrons
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Leak detection equipment
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Signal generators
  • Laptop computers
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Telescopes
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Pinhole filters
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Particle counters
  • Gamma ray spectrometers

Alternative Job Titles