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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Theoretical Physicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Theoretical Physicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Theoretical Physicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

Technologies & Software

  • Grok (xAI)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Gnuplot
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • DeepSeek
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • SciLab
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • UNIX
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Scribus
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Video analysis software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Consensus
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Oracle Java
  • C
  • Perl
  • Pascal
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • GNU Octave
  • REDUCE
  • OriginLab Origin
  • MySQL
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Ploticus
  • Xfig
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • C++
  • Canu
  • Scite AI
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Microsoft Windows
  • SciGraphica
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • SQLite
  • Microsoft Access
  • Database application software
  • Puppet
  • Oracle Database
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Perplexity AI
  • Adobe Audition
  • Python
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Ansible software
  • Git
  • JavaScript
  • Eclipse IDE
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Structured query language SQL
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • CERN ROOT
  • OpenStack
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Software development tools
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Microsoft Word
  • Statistical software
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Elicit
  • xv
  • Dose modeling software
  • VMware
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Vibration exciters
  • Interferometers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Digital plotters
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Diode lasers
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Pistonphones
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Pinhole filters
  • Cryostats
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Betatrons
  • Laser power meters
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Neutron detectors
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Cyclotrons
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Optical detectors
  • Helium lasers
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Surface profilometers
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Analytical balances
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Optical choppers
  • Laptop computers
  • Vacuum stations
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Grating monochromators
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Linear accelerators
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Photon counting systems
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Monochromators
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Particle counters
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Safety goggles
  • Photometer
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Galvanostats
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Spring scales
  • Desktop computers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Photodetectors
  • Signal generators
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Accelerometers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Telescopes
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Power amplifiers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Double monochromators
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Optical tables
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Function generators
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Digital multimeters
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Personal computers
  • Ionization chambers

Alternative Job Titles