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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Theoretical Physicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Theoretical Physicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Theoretical Physicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

Technologies & Software

  • Video analysis software
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • SQLite
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Gnuplot
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • xv
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Llama (Meta)
  • VMware
  • Statistical software
  • Consensus
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Elicit
  • Microsoft Word
  • CERN ROOT
  • C
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Python
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Oracle Database
  • Ansible software
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Pascal
  • MySQL
  • Canu
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Adobe Audition
  • Dose modeling software
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Linux
  • OpenStack
  • Perplexity AI
  • Ploticus
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Oracle Java
  • Xfig
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • GNU Octave
  • Software development tools
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Git
  • UNIX
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Scribus
  • Scite AI
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • JavaScript
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • DeepSeek
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • C++
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Puppet
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • SciGraphica
  • Perl
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Microsoft Access
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Database application software
  • SciLab
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • REDUCE
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Analytical balances
  • Pinhole filters
  • Particle counters
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Function generators
  • Safety goggles
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Digital multimeters
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Cryostats
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Spring scales
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Telescopes
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Light scattering devices
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Vacuum stations
  • Optical choppers
  • Monochromators
  • Laptop computers
  • Personal computers
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Helium lasers
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Double monochromators
  • Interferometers
  • Vibration exciters
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Signal generators
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Galvanostats
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Photometer
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Photodetectors
  • Photon counting systems
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Surface profilometers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Ionization chambers
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Power amplifiers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Betatrons
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Digital plotters
  • Linear accelerators
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Neutron detectors
  • Cyclotrons
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Accelerometers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Optical detectors
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Electron microscopes
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Desktop computers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Pistonphones
  • Diode lasers
  • Optical tables
  • Laser power meters
  • Grating monochromators
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Capacitance bridges

Alternative Job Titles