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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Scientist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

Technologies & Software

  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Xfig
  • Adobe Audition
  • GNU Octave
  • Puppet
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Ansible software
  • Ploticus
  • Microsoft Access
  • Video analysis software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Database application software
  • MySQL
  • C
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • DeepSeek
  • Perplexity AI
  • UNIX
  • Gnuplot
  • Scite AI
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Oracle Java
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Elicit
  • Oracle Database
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Linux
  • Scribus
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • SQLite
  • Canu
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Microsoft Word
  • SciLab
  • xv
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Eclipse IDE
  • CERN ROOT
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • JavaScript
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Consensus
  • VMware
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • SciGraphica
  • Microsoft Windows
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Perl
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Software development tools
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • REDUCE
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Pascal
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • OpenStack
  • OriginLab Origin
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Dose modeling software
  • Statistical software
  • Python
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • C++
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Git
  • Accelerometers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Vacuum stations
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Cyclotrons
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Photodetectors
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Laptop computers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Optical choppers
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Photon counting systems
  • Digital multimeters
  • Pinhole filters
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Personal computers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Electron microscopes
  • Telescopes
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Galvanostats
  • Digital plotters
  • Diode lasers
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Grating monochromators
  • Analytical balances
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Optical tables
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Vibration exciters
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Interferometers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Laser power meters
  • Linear accelerators
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Double monochromators
  • Surface profilometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Optical detectors
  • Cryostats
  • Betatrons
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Ionization chambers
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Signal generators
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Spring scales
  • Power amplifiers
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Helium lasers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Optical tweezers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Monochromators
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Function generators
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Safety goggles
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Desktop computers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Neutron detectors
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Pistonphones
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Photometer
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Particle counters

Alternative Job Titles