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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Thermodynamicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Thermodynamicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Thermodynamicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Teach physics to students.

Technologies & Software

  • DeepSeek
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Scribus
  • Statistical software
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • MySQL
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • REDUCE
  • Microsoft Access
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Gnuplot
  • xv
  • Microsoft Excel
  • SciGraphica
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Video analysis software
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • CERN ROOT
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Dose modeling software
  • C
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Ploticus
  • Ansible software
  • Perplexity AI
  • Software development tools
  • GNU Octave
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Elicit
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Python
  • Canu
  • Consensus
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • UNIX
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Database application software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Perl
  • SQLite
  • C++
  • Puppet
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Linux
  • JavaScript
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Oracle Java
  • OpenStack
  • Adobe Audition
  • Scite AI
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Xfig
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Git
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Pascal
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • SciLab
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • VMware
  • Oracle Database
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Galvanostats
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Optical tables
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Cryostats
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Optical tweezers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Desktop computers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Optical choppers
  • Function generators
  • Double monochromators
  • Helium lasers
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Digital multimeters
  • Neutron detectors
  • Digital plotters
  • Diode lasers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Personal computers
  • Pistonphones
  • Gaussmeters
  • Vibration exciters
  • Laptop computers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Vacuum stations
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Optical detectors
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Photon counting systems
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Pinhole filters
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Grating monochromators
  • Monochromators
  • Scintillation probes
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Photodetectors
  • Telescopes
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Linear accelerators
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Particle counters
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Accelerometers
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Ionization chambers
  • Safety goggles
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Interferometers
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Sound intensity probes
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Photometer
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Electron microscopes
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Analytical balances
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Surface profilometers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Cyclotrons
  • Laser power meters
  • Betatrons
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Signal generators
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Spring scales
  • Computed tomography CT scanners

Alternative Job Titles