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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Thermodynamicist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Thermodynamicist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Thermodynamicist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

Technologies & Software

  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Scite AI
  • DeepSeek
  • Pascal
  • Statistical software
  • Software development tools
  • Video analysis software
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Structured query language SQL
  • VMware
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Microsoft Windows
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • MySQL
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Spectroscopy software
  • JavaScript
  • Adobe Audition
  • SciGraphica
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Oracle Database
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Ploticus
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Xfig
  • UNIX
  • Eclipse IDE
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Gnuplot
  • Perl
  • C
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Scribus
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Linux
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Canu
  • Elicit
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • SQLite
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Dose modeling software
  • C++
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Consensus
  • CERN ROOT
  • Puppet
  • Python
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • OpenStack
  • Git
  • Grok (xAI)
  • REDUCE
  • Perplexity AI
  • xv
  • Database application software
  • SciLab
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • GNU Octave
  • Oracle Java
  • Ansible software
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Access
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Microsoft Excel
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Photon counting systems
  • Cyclotrons
  • Diode lasers
  • Grating monochromators
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Telescopes
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Gaussmeters
  • Optical detectors
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Measuring microscopes
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Galvanostats
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Personal computers
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Laptop computers
  • Optical tweezers
  • Signal generators
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Function generators
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Surface profilometers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Digital plotters
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Analytical balances
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Digital multimeters
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Accelerometers
  • Cryostats
  • Particle counters
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Spring scales
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Vacuum stations
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Desktop computers
  • Safety goggles
  • Helium lasers
  • Visible spectrometers
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Neutron detectors
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Interferometers
  • Photodetectors
  • Pinhole filters
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Pistonphones
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Vibration exciters
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Optical tables
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Double monochromators
  • Betatrons
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Laser power meters
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Monochromators
  • Optical choppers
  • Ionization chambers
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Linear accelerators
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Photometer
  • Argon ion lasers

Alternative Job Titles