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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Rocket Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Rocket Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Rocket Scientist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

Technologies & Software

  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • MySQL
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Software development tools
  • Python
  • CERN ROOT
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • xv
  • Adobe Audition
  • Eclipse IDE
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • C++
  • Consensus
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Llama (Meta)
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Pascal
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Grok (xAI)
  • REDUCE
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Elicit
  • Scite AI
  • Database application software
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Perplexity AI
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • JavaScript
  • Scribus
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Statistical software
  • Dose modeling software
  • Video analysis software
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • OpenStack
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • SciGraphica
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Canu
  • DeepSeek
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Oracle Java
  • Git
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • GNU Octave
  • SciLab
  • SQLite
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Puppet
  • Gnuplot
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • UNIX
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Microsoft Access
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Ansible software
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Ploticus
  • Xfig
  • C
  • VMware
  • Oracle Database
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Perl
  • Surface profilometers
  • Cyclotrons
  • Signal generators
  • Grating monochromators
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Vacuum stations
  • Optical tweezers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Electron microscopes
  • Photon counting systems
  • Galvanostats
  • Function generators
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Gaussmeters
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Pistonphones
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Analytical balances
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Helium lasers
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Spring scales
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Scintillation probes
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Betatrons
  • Photometer
  • Neutron detectors
  • Optical tables
  • Light scattering devices
  • Vibration exciters
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Double monochromators
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Accelerometers
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Linear accelerators
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Ionization chambers
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Pinhole filters
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Optical choppers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Particle counters
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Interferometers
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Digital plotters
  • Laser power meters
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Telescopes
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Cryostats
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Diode lasers
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Optical detectors
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Digital multimeters
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Power amplifiers
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Photodetectors
  • Personal computers
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Monochromators
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Laptop computers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Safety goggles
  • Desktop computers

Alternative Job Titles