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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Rocket Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Rocket Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Rocket Scientist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Teach physics to students.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

Technologies & Software

  • Dose modeling software
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • Ploticus
  • C
  • Video analysis software
  • Puppet
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Spectroscopy software
  • DeepSeek
  • OriginLab Origin
  • Xfig
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Software development tools
  • Elicit
  • Pascal
  • Canu
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • GNU Octave
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • C++
  • Structured query language SQL
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Eclipse IDE
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Perl
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Python
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Gnuplot
  • Scite AI
  • xv
  • CERN ROOT
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Scribus
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • SciLab
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Ansible software
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • REDUCE
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Word
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • OpenStack
  • Database application software
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Oracle Java
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • MySQL
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • SQLite
  • Oracle Database
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Git
  • Adobe Audition
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • SciGraphica
  • JavaScript
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Perplexity AI
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Statistical software
  • VMware
  • UNIX
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Consensus
  • Microsoft Access
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Spring scales
  • Photon counting systems
  • Betatrons
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Pinhole filters
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Galvanostats
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Optical choppers
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Neutron detectors
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Digital multimeters
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Scintillation probes
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Function generators
  • Analytical balances
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Ionization chambers
  • Diode lasers
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Surface profilometers
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Cyclotrons
  • Optical detectors
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Laptop computers
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Grating monochromators
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Digital plotters
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Photometer
  • Optical tweezers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Vibration exciters
  • High-speed video cameras
  • Gaussmeters
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Photodetectors
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Linear accelerators
  • Helium lasers
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Vacuum stations
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Power amplifiers
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Telescopes
  • Personal computers
  • Accelerometers
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Electron microscopes
  • Pistonphones
  • Double monochromators
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Interferometers
  • Spectrophotometers
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Signal generators
  • Particle counters
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Safety goggles
  • Cryostats
  • Desktop computers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Optical tables
  • Measuring microscopes
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Laser power meters
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Monochromators
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM

Alternative Job Titles