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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Rocket Scientist” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #175 of 702. Estimated risk: 10.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

60%

“Rocket Scientist” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 60% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

28%

“Rocket Scientist” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 28% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Physicists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Avg. Annual Salary $166,000
Avg. Hourly Wage $79.81
Available Jobs (US) 21,340
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Physicists #19-2012
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Physicists”

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Related Occupations & Automation Risk

Economists

AI Risk 63%
Robot Risk 15%

Biochemists and Biophysicists

AI Risk 62%
Robot Risk 47%

Industrial Ecologists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 23%

Geographers

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Environmental Economists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 18%

Atmospheric and Space Scientists

AI Risk 61%
Robot Risk 28%

Core Skills & Abilities

  • Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.

  • Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.

  • Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.

  • Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.

  • Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.

  • Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.

  • Write research proposals to receive funding.

  • Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.

  • Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.

  • Teach physics to students.

Technologies & Software

  • Scite AI
  • Radiation dose calculation software
  • Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
  • Git
  • Ploticus
  • GNU Octave
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • C++
  • SciGraphica
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Perplexity AI
  • JavaScript
  • Perl
  • Database application software
  • SQLite
  • REDUCE
  • C
  • DeepSeek
  • SciLab
  • COMSOL Multiphysics
  • Statistical software
  • Python
  • Consensus
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Oracle Java
  • Gnuplot
  • Oracle Database
  • The MathWorks MATLAB
  • Canu
  • Systat Software SigmaPlot
  • Criss Software XRF11
  • OriginLab Origin
  • CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Wolfram Research Mathematica
  • Microsoft Excel
  • National Instruments LabVIEW
  • Spectral Dynamics STAR
  • Microsoft Visual J++
  • Microsoft Visual Studio
  • Puppet
  • Amazon Web Services AWS software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Microsoft Access
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • CERN ROOT
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Spectroscopy software
  • Aptech Systems GAUSS
  • Semantic Scholar AI
  • xv
  • Dose modeling software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Microsoft Azure software
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Mistral AI (chat/models)
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Adobe Audition
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
  • Eclipse IDE
  • MySQL
  • Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
  • Xfig
  • Software development tools
  • Pascal
  • VMware
  • RSI interactive data language IDL software
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Linux
  • GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • OpenStack
  • Elicit
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Mathsoft Mathcad
  • RibbonSoft QCad
  • Scribus
  • Sun Microsystems Java
  • Maplesoft Maple
  • Video analysis software
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP system
  • Vector Fields OPERA-3d
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Ansible software
  • UNIX
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Pulsed nitrogen lasers
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Semiconductor parameter analyzers
  • Two-channel fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Two-channel dynamic signal analyzers
  • Photodetectors
  • Pistonphones
  • Geiger-Muller counters
  • Visible spectrometers
  • Programmable phase modulators
  • Laboratory electromagnets
  • Signal generators
  • Optical tables
  • Argon ion lasers
  • Portable fast Fourier transform FFT analyzers
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Mickelson interferometers
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • Liquid helium level sensors
  • Digital plotters
  • Surface profilometers
  • Spring scales
  • Gas chromatography equipment
  • Analytical balances
  • Monochromators
  • Thermoluminescent dosimeters
  • Personal computers
  • Helium lasers
  • Annealing furnaces
  • Headspace autosamplers
  • Laser power meters
  • Gas chromatography GC injectors
  • Pinhole filters
  • Friction-force microscopes
  • Safety goggles
  • Isotope ratio mass spectrometers
  • Zeeman split lasers
  • Digital voltmeters DVM
  • Measuring microscopes
  • Turbo-pumped vacuum systems
  • Analog frequency analyzers
  • Big G torsion balances
  • Diffusion pumps
  • Arbitrary function generators
  • Ionization chambers
  • Linear accelerators
  • Conditioning amplifiers
  • Telescopes
  • Vernier force sensors
  • Nanovoltmeters
  • Magnetic force microscopes
  • Scanning monochromators
  • Single frequency dye lasers
  • High-resolution semiconductor detectors
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Optical choppers
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Power amplifiers
  • Microwave interferometers
  • Vacuum stations
  • Particle counters
  • Gaussmeters
  • Laboratory box furnaces
  • Leak detection equipment
  • Double monochromators
  • Vibration exciters
  • Photometer
  • High-speed video cameras
  • High-energy accelerators
  • Photon counting systems
  • Grating monochromators
  • Prism spectrometers
  • Laboratory tube furnaces
  • Neutron detectors
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems
  • Atomic emission detectors AED
  • Optical detectors
  • Positive ion accelerators
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • High-resolution spectrometers
  • Cyclotrons
  • High vacuum equipment
  • Laptop computers
  • Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
  • X ray photoemission spectrometers
  • Accelerometers
  • Radiation detecting film badges
  • Electron microscopes
  • Capacitance bridges
  • Laboratory centrifugal pumps
  • Function generators
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Desktop computers
  • Digital sound level meters
  • Digital oscilloscopes
  • Cryostats
  • Radiofrequency RF generators
  • Computed tomography CT scanners
  • Two-channel network analyzers
  • Gamma ray spectrometers
  • Diffusion-pumped vacuum systems
  • Sound intensity probes
  • Multiple diode lasers
  • Cavity dumpers or drivers
  • Scanning tunneling microscopes STM
  • Optical beamsplitting devices
  • Helium refrigerators
  • Diode lasers
  • High intensity UV sources
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Interferometers
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Digital multimeters
  • Betatrons
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
  • Scintillation probes
  • Light scattering devices
  • Galvanostats
  • Vibrating sample magnetometers
  • Analog sound level meters
  • Optical tweezers

Alternative Job Titles