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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference and Instruction Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

Technologies & Software

  • Nova (Amazon)
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Blackboard software
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Social networking software
  • CATNYP
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • WorldCat
  • Oracle Java
  • Microsoft Access
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Blogging software
  • DeepSeek
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • PHP
  • Word processing software
  • QuarkXPress
  • HTTrack
  • Wiki software
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • FileMaker Pro
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • JavaScript
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Microsoft Excel
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Perplexity AI
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • LexisNexis
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Graphics software
  • Duolingo AI
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Apple iMovie
  • Surpass management system software
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Data visualization software
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • Classification Web
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • MagicSchool AI
  • Email software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Gemini for Education
  • Online databases
  • Google Workspace software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Saora Keepoint
  • Learning management system LMS
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Drupal
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Infovision Amlib
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Facebook
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • StataCorp Stata
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • CatchTheWeb
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Web browser software
  • Zoom
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • Napkin AI
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • Database software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Adobe InDesign
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Microfilm printers
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Audio presentation systems
  • Sound boards
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Public address PA systems
  • Microfilm readers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Voltmeters
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Cash registers
  • Television monitors
  • Slide projectors
  • Microfiche readers
  • Wireless microphones
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Digital camcorders
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Scanners
  • Personal computers
  • Desktop computers
  • Laptop computers
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Audio tape players
  • Large screen projectors
  • Bookmobiles
  • Screwdrivers
  • Video screens
  • Light boards
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Film projectors
  • Claw hammers
  • Barcode scanners
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Still cameras
  • Opaque projectors
  • Digital cameras
  • Multimedia projectors

Alternative Job Titles