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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference and Instruction Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

Technologies & Software

  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • WorldCat
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • CatchTheWeb
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Data visualization software
  • JavaScript
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Online databases
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Graphics software
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Gemini for Education
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Classification Web
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Blogging software
  • Email software
  • DeepSeek
  • MagicSchool AI
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • LexisNexis
  • Drupal
  • Duolingo AI
  • Database software
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • Saora Keepoint
  • Adobe InDesign
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Web browser software
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Learning management system LMS
  • Social networking software
  • StataCorp Stata
  • CATNYP
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft Office software
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • Napkin AI
  • Infovision Amlib
  • Llama (Meta)
  • HTTrack
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • Word processing software
  • Apple iMovie
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Perplexity AI
  • QuarkXPress
  • Blackboard software
  • Zoom
  • Oracle Java
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Microsoft Word
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Surpass management system software
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • PHP
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Facebook
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • Microsoft Access
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Google Workspace software
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • Wiki software
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Personal computers
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Microfilm printers
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Slide projectors
  • Microfilm readers
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Sound boards
  • Barcode scanners
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Public address PA systems
  • Wireless microphones
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • Opaque projectors
  • Screwdrivers
  • Video screens
  • Scanners
  • Cash registers
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Still cameras
  • Digital camcorders
  • Voltmeters
  • Laptop computers
  • Desktop computers
  • Digital cameras
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Film projectors
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Audio presentation systems
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Light boards
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Claw hammers
  • Bookmobiles
  • Television monitors
  • Audio tape players
  • Large screen projectors
  • Microfiche readers

Alternative Job Titles