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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference and Instruction Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference and Instruction Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

Technologies & Software

  • StataCorp Stata
  • Blackboard software
  • Web browser software
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • HTTrack
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Data visualization software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Online databases
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • Microsoft Word
  • Facebook
  • Adobe InDesign
  • QuarkXPress
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Microsoft Office software
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Database software
  • Classification Web
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Gemini (Google)
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Social networking software
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • MagicSchool AI
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Email software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • JavaScript
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • CatchTheWeb
  • Oracle Java
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • Learning management system LMS
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Surpass management system software
  • Napkin AI
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Drupal
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • LexisNexis
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • Apple iMovie
  • DeepSeek
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Google Workspace software
  • Wiki software
  • CATNYP
  • Infovision Amlib
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Zoom
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • Saora Keepoint
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • Graphics software
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Gemini for Education
  • Microsoft Windows
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Duolingo AI
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • WorldCat
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Word processing software
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • Blogging software
  • Microsoft Access
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Perplexity AI
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • PHP
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Opaque projectors
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Film projectors
  • Screwdrivers
  • Digital cameras
  • Microfilm printers
  • Slide projectors
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Barcode scanners
  • Audio tape players
  • Video screens
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Claw hammers
  • Wireless microphones
  • Audio presentation systems
  • Bookmobiles
  • Scanners
  • Desktop computers
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Voltmeters
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Cash registers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Sound boards
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Digital camcorders
  • Television monitors
  • Public address PA systems
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Microfiche readers
  • Large screen projectors
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Laptop computers
  • Microfilm readers
  • Personal computers
  • Still cameras
  • Light boards

Alternative Job Titles