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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

Technologies & Software

  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Infovision Amlib
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Database software
  • QuarkXPress
  • Gemini for Education
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • Adobe InDesign
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Drupal
  • Microsoft Word
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • PHP
  • WorldCat
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • JavaScript
  • Learning management system LMS
  • CATNYP
  • Word processing software
  • Blogging software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • HTTrack
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • DeepSeek
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Duolingo AI
  • Napkin AI
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Facebook
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • Online databases
  • Saora Keepoint
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • Perplexity AI
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Data visualization software
  • Surpass management system software
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Oracle Java
  • Classification Web
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Social networking software
  • Email software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Grok (xAI)
  • StataCorp Stata
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • CatchTheWeb
  • Graphics software
  • Microsoft Visio
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • Zoom
  • Web browser software
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Wiki software
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Apple iMovie
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Google Workspace software
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • MagicSchool AI
  • LexisNexis
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Blackboard software
  • Microsoft Access
  • Cash registers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Audio tape players
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Scanners
  • Wireless microphones
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • Large screen projectors
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Microfiche readers
  • Public address PA systems
  • Still cameras
  • Laptop computers
  • Bookmobiles
  • Barcode scanners
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Video screens
  • Slide projectors
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Personal computers
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Sound boards
  • Film projectors
  • Opaque projectors
  • Claw hammers
  • Microfilm readers
  • Television monitors
  • Light boards
  • Desktop computers
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Digital camcorders
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Screwdrivers
  • Voltmeters
  • Digital cameras
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Microfilm printers
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Audio presentation systems

Alternative Job Titles