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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

Technologies & Software

  • Grok (xAI)
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Google Workspace software
  • StataCorp Stata
  • Gemini for Education
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Data visualization software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Web browser software
  • JavaScript
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Microsoft Word
  • Surpass management system software
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Online databases
  • Blackboard software
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • Email software
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • HTTrack
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Facebook
  • Learning management system LMS
  • LexisNexis
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • CATNYP
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • Apple iMovie
  • Desktop publishing software
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Word processing software
  • Zoom
  • FileMaker Pro
  • WorldCat
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • QuarkXPress
  • Blogging software
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • DeepSeek
  • Wiki software
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Duolingo AI
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Database software
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • Classification Web
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • Microsoft Access
  • Infovision Amlib
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • CatchTheWeb
  • Saora Keepoint
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • Drupal
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • Napkin AI
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Graphics software
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Social networking software
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Perplexity AI
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Oracle Java
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • PHP
  • Adobe InDesign
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • MagicSchool AI
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Audio presentation systems
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Voltmeters
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Still cameras
  • Wireless microphones
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Microfilm readers
  • Large screen projectors
  • Opaque projectors
  • Microfiche readers
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Bookmobiles
  • Light boards
  • Scanners
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Personal computers
  • Audio tape players
  • Microfilm printers
  • Digital cameras
  • Barcode scanners
  • Claw hammers
  • Cash registers
  • Sound boards
  • Desktop computers
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Laptop computers
  • Digital camcorders
  • Video screens
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Screwdrivers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Public address PA systems
  • Television monitors
  • Film projectors
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Slide projectors

Alternative Job Titles