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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference Librarian” be Automated?

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AI Exposure Risk

52%

“Reference Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 52% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

33%

“Reference Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 33% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Librarians and Media Collections Specialists, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,180
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.26
Available Jobs (US) 131,830
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Librarians and Media Collections Specialists #25-4022
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Librarians and Media Collections Specialists”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.

  • Evaluate vendor products and performance, negotiate contracts, and place orders.

  • Set up, adjust, and operate audio-visual equipment, such as cameras, film and slide projectors, and recording equipment, for meetings, events, classes, seminars, and video conferences.

  • Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups.

  • Maintain inventory of audio-visual equipment.

  • Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.

  • Assemble and arrange display materials.

  • Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.

  • Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer.

  • Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library.

  • Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.

  • Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded.

  • Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.

  • Develop, maintain, and troubleshoot information access aids, such as databases, annotated bibliographies, Web pages, electronic pathfinders, software programs, and online tutorials.

  • Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.

  • Check books in and out of the library.

  • Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels.

  • Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use.

  • Compile lists of books, periodicals, articles, and audio-visual materials on particular subjects.

  • Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.

  • Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.

  • Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use.

  • Locate unusual or unique information in response to specific requests.

  • Develop library policies and procedures.

  • Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.

  • Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.

  • Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.

  • Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations.

  • Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.

  • Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.

Technologies & Software

  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Standard generalized markup language SGML
  • MC2 Systems Auto Librarian
  • Khanmigo (Khan Academy)
  • Thomson Reuters Westlaw Edge
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Ex Libris Group Aleph
  • Inmagic TextWorks
  • SmugMug Flickr
  • Microsoft Access
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Apple iMovie
  • Adobe Dreamweaver
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Learning management system LMS
  • Apple Final Cut Pro
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Adobe After Effects
  • Microsoft Excel
  • JavaScript
  • Dynix Digital Library
  • Electronic Online Systems International EOS.Web
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • WebClarity Software BookWhere
  • Facebook
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • SirsiDynix Symphony
  • CatchTheWeb
  • Infovision Amlib
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Data visualization software
  • Blackboard software
  • Thomson Scientific Dialog
  • Hypertext markup language HTML
  • Innovative Interfaces Millennium
  • askSam Systems SurfSaver
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Autodesk AutoCAD
  • RCL Software Media Library Manager
  • PrimaSoft PC Small Library Organizer Pro
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Saora Keepoint
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Social networking software
  • Wiki software
  • StataCorp Stata
  • NotebookLM (Google)
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Adobe Creative Cloud software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • LexisNexis
  • Blogging software
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Oracle Java
  • Cascading style sheets CSS
  • Springshare LibGuides
  • Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML
  • National Library of Medicine DOCLINE
  • Email software
  • MagicSchool AI
  • Perplexity AI
  • PHP
  • QuarkXPress
  • Duolingo AI
  • Google Workspace software
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • Classification Web
  • Web browser software
  • WorldCat
  • Kelowna Software L4U
  • CATNYP
  • Drupal
  • Macropool Web Research
  • Napkin AI
  • Adobe InDesign
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Gemini for Education
  • HTTrack
  • Surpass management system software
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Adobe Premiere Pro
  • Online databases
  • Graphics software
  • Adobe Illustrator
  • Microsoft Word
  • DeepSeek
  • Ex Libris Group Voyager
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Zoom
  • Word processing software
  • Inmagic Genie
  • Database software
  • Microsoft Onfolio
  • National Library of Medicine Medline
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Wireless microphones
  • Large screen projectors
  • Portable amplifiers
  • Motion picture projectors
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Film projectors
  • Scanners
  • Light boards
  • Sound boards
  • Claw hammers
  • Video cassette recorders VCR
  • Microfiche readers
  • Video screens
  • Barcode scanners
  • Laptop computers
  • Television monitors
  • Still cameras
  • Microfilm printers
  • Digital cameras
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Digital camcorders
  • Compact disk CD players
  • Liquid crystal display LCD projection systems
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Voltmeters
  • Slide projectors
  • Audio or video editing systems
  • Digital video disk DVD players
  • Audio tape players
  • Desktop computers
  • Cash registers
  • Videoconferencing equipment
  • Microfilm readers
  • Personal computers
  • Overhead display projectors
  • Audio presentation systems
  • Opaque projectors
  • Screwdrivers
  • High speed video duplicators
  • Public address PA systems
  • Bookmobiles

Alternative Job Titles