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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Bursar” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #589 of 702. Estimated risk: 94.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as likely automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

62%

“Bursar” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 62% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

27%

“Bursar” will almost certainly not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 27% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Accountants and Auditors, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.

Avg. Annual Salary $93,520
Avg. Hourly Wage $44.96
Available Jobs (US) 1,448,290
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Accountants and Auditors #13-2011
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Accountants and Auditors”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Review taxpayer accounts, and conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office.

  • Prepare adjusting journal entries.

  • Evaluate taxpayer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge of interest and discount rates, annuities, valuation of stocks and bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets.

  • Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.

  • Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology.

  • Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.

  • Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.

  • Audit payroll and personnel records to determine unemployment insurance premiums, workers' compensation coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws.

  • Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.

  • Examine whether the organization's objectives are reflected in its management activities, and whether employees understand the objectives.

  • Develop, maintain, or analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.

  • Report to management regarding the finances of establishment.

  • Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.

  • Direct activities of personnel engaged in filing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial records.

  • Examine inventory to verify journal and ledger entries.

  • Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.

  • Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programs under development will work as planned.

  • Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.

  • Process invoices for payment.

  • Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.

  • Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.

  • Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.

  • Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.

  • Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.

  • Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.

  • Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.

  • Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations.

  • Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.

  • Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.

Technologies & Software

  • Paisley Focus Control Assurance
  • MEDITECH software
  • Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
  • PricewaterhouseCoopers TeamMate
  • Thomson Creative Solutions Engagement CS
  • AdaptaSoft CyberPay
  • Oracle Database
  • Guidance Software EnCase Enterprise
  • Data extraction software
  • FRx Software Microsoft FRx
  • Recovery audit software
  • Lead Business Analyzer
  • Lead Activity Analyzer
  • Digital analysis tests and statistics DATAS for Excel
  • Tumbleweed SecureTransport
  • Sage HRMS
  • IBM Power Systems software
  • Practice management software PMS
  • ACL Audit Exchange
  • Best Software CPAPayroll
  • 1099 ProsSoftware
  • Tax software
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Google Sheets
  • Multiview Accounts Receivable
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Intuit ProSeries
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Abacus Tax
  • Document management system software
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Summit Software Summit Biofuels Accounting
  • ADP Workforce Now
  • SAS
  • D'Arcangelo Galileo
  • Sage CPAAccounts Payable
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Qlik Tech QlikView
  • CaseWare International IDEA
  • Brentmark Estate Planning Quickview
  • American Riviera Magtax
  • Best MIP Fund Accounting
  • Income tax return preparation software
  • DeepSeek
  • BNA Income Tax Planning Solutions
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • IBM Cognos Impromptu
  • Microsoft Visual Basic
  • UNIX
  • Accounting software
  • Medical procedure coding software
  • Yardi software
  • Fixed-assets depreciation software
  • Oracle Hyperion
  • eXtensible Business Reporting Language XBRL
  • InformationActive ActiveData for Excel
  • Microsoft Project
  • Eko
  • Accounting compliance software
  • Apache Solr
  • Microsoft Word
  • AcorynSystems Activity Based Costing/Management ABC/M
  • Google Docs
  • Pleier Audit Management System
  • FileMaker Pro
  • Automated auditors fraud detector software
  • ATX Total Accounting Office
  • Oracle PeopleSoft
  • Audit management software
  • Intellitax financial solutions software
  • Napkin AI
  • Invoice software
  • Thomson Reuters Risk Management
  • Payroll software
  • CashFlow Guardian
  • BizBench
  • CCH ProSystem fx TAX
  • Sage MAS 500
  • Microsoft Access
  • Sage MAS 200 ERP
  • Microsoft Dynamics GP
  • Estate planning software
  • IDMS Account Ability
  • TopCAATs
  • Paisley AutoAudit
  • Lawson ERP
  • CYMA IV Accounting for Windows
  • Intuit QuickBooks
  • Structured query language SQL
  • Cost accounting software
  • Roundtable Software Advantage Accounting System
  • BNA Estate and Gift Tax Suite
  • Financial reporting software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Teradata Database
  • Sage 300 Construction and Real Estate
  • Oracle Fusion Applications
  • Thomson Creative Solutions Financial Analysis CS
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • AuditWare financial reporting and auditing software
  • Tableau AI
  • Google Slides
  • Planful AI
  • RSM McGladrey Auditor Assistant
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Client billing software
  • Microsoft Copilot
  • Universal Tax Systems TaxWise
  • Delphi Technology
  • Microsoft FRx
  • OmniRIM Records Management Suite
  • Salesforce software
  • Spreadsheet software
  • Sage HandiSoft HandiLedger
  • IBM Notes
  • Exact Software Macola ES
  • Corel WordPerfect Office Suite
  • Microsoft Dynamics NAV
  • Sage ERP Accpac
  • Yardi Systems Yardi Enterprise
  • AuditWare CaseWare Examiner
  • Pro Systems Client Write-Up System for Windows
  • Profit Developers Electronic File Interchange
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Microsoft SQL Server
  • Human resource management software HRMS
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Datavantage
  • ATX Total Tax Office
  • Workday software
  • Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
  • General ledger software
  • PROPHIX Enterprise
  • Choice Technologies PowerBill +
  • Financial statement software
  • Microsoft Dynamics
  • CCIS AccountAbility
  • AcornSystems Corporate Performance Management
  • KPB Associates TaxStream
  • Accountants Templates JAZZ-It!
  • Oracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOne
  • Sageworks ProfitCents
  • OSI TrustWise
  • WorkForce Software EmpCenter Time and Attendance
  • Thomson PPC e-Tools Suite
  • Oracle PeopleSoft Financials
  • Intrax ProcedureNet
  • Perplexity AI
  • TimeValue software
  • ATX Total Engagement Office
  • Digital analysis tests and statistics DATAS for SAS
  • SAP software
  • ACCUCert
  • Sync Essentials Trade Accountant
  • Accounts payable software
  • Internal audit software
  • Bi3 Financial Statement Fraud Analysis
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Tax compliance property tax management software
  • Alteryx software
  • Sage 50 Accounting
  • Billing software
  • NetSuite ERP
  • Asset management software
  • SAP Concur
  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • IAD Audit Leverage
  • Database software
  • ACL Business Assurance Analytics
  • CPSI EHR System
  • R
  • NewPortWave Year End Solutions
  • Financial Competence
  • Star Software Fixed Asset Depreciation
  • BNA Corporate Tax Audit Analyzer
  • Bi3 Audit Intelligence
  • WizSoft WizWhy
  • NortonLifeLock cybersecurity software
  • New Millennium Communications Genesis Accounting
  • Audit planning and control environment software
  • Sage EDP Payroll Tax
  • Thomson GoSystem Tax
  • SAP BusinessObjects Data Integrator
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Medical condition coding software
  • Cartesis Magnitude iAnalysis
  • Intuit TurboTax
  • Sage Platinum for Windows PFW
  • Arbutus Analyzer
  • SAP Business Objects
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • CaseWare International IDEA SmartAnalyzer
  • Star Software Materiality Calculator
  • Paisley Cardmap
  • Alteryx AI
  • Intuit Lacerte
  • Paisley RiskNavigator
  • Solutions Technology & Software HR Premier
  • Creative Solutions UltraTax 1040
  • Meta Business AI
  • Softrax Revenue Management
  • Healthcare common procedure coding system HCPCS
  • H&R Block Tax
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Advanced Micro Systems 1099-Etc
  • Microsoft Dynamics SL
  • Sage BusinessWorks
  • Lumigent Entegra
  • Heron CrossTie General Ledger
  • Accounts receivable software
  • TechSmith Camtasia
  • MethodWare ProAudit Advisor
  • MRO Audit Tracker
  • Corporate Responsibility System Technologies Limited Compliance Positioning System
  • Palisade @Risk
  • Tableau
  • BNA Sales and Use Tax Rates and Forms
  • CaseWare Working Papers
  • Pentana audit work system PAWS
  • Accounting fraud detection software
  • Tropics workers' compensation software
  • Sage CPAClient Checkbook
  • SAP Crystal Reports
  • Data entry software
  • Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge
  • Sage CPAAccounts Receivable
  • Iron Mountain Accutrac records management software
  • Fund accounting software
  • Micronetics Xpert Write-up
  • Microsoft OneNote
  • Accurate NXG
  • Cartesis ES Magnitude
  • DataRobot
  • Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
  • Swift
  • RSM McGladrey Advanced Practice Solutions Paperless Audit
  • Microsoft Exchange
  • IBM SPSS Statistics
  • UA Business Software Professional Edition
  • Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition
  • Epic Systems
  • Kirix ProffiPoint
  • Microsoft Works
  • LexisNexis
  • WizSoft WizRule
  • Automation Counselors municiPAL
  • Cammack Computations Inter-Est
  • Paisley IssueTrack
  • Sage CPADocument Manager
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • TrendTracker Compliance Solution
  • Sampson Data Pattern Index software
  • Avalara AvaTax ST
  • ADP Super Report Writer
  • Cebos MQ1 Audit System
  • Evron Computer Systems SAGE PFW (Platinum For Windows)
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Tablet computers
  • Notebook computers
  • Scanners
  • 10-key calculators
  • Desktop computers
  • Computer data input scanners
  • Personal digital assistants PDA
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Laser facsimile machines
  • Laptop computers
  • Personal computers