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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Book Sorter” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #616 of 702. Estimated risk: 95.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

51%

“Book Sorter” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 51% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Book Sorter” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Library Assistants, Clerical, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.

Avg. Annual Salary $37,910
Avg. Hourly Wage $18.22
Available Jobs (US) 80,070
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Library Assistants, Clerical #43-4121
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Library Assistants, Clerical”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Acquire books, pamphlets, periodicals, audio-visual materials, and other library supplies by checking prices, figuring costs, and preparing appropriate order forms and facilitating the ordering process by providing such information to others.

  • Process new materials including books, audio-visual materials, and computer software.

  • Inspect returned books for condition and due-date status and compute any applicable fines.

  • Prepare, store, and retrieve classification and catalog information, lecture notes, or other information related to stored documents, using computers.

  • Prepare library statistics reports.

  • Design or maintain library web site and online catalogues.

  • Assist in the preparation of book displays.

  • Schedule, supervise, and train clerical workers, volunteers, student assistants, and other library employees.

  • Deliver and retrieve items to and from departments by hand or using push carts.

  • Register new patrons and issue borrower identification cards that permit patrons to borrow books and other materials.

  • Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures.

  • Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.

  • Operate and maintain audio-visual equipment.

  • Perform accounting and bookkeeping activities, such as invoicing, maintaining financial records, budgeting, and handling cash.

  • Lend, reserve, and collect books, periodicals, videotapes, and other materials at circulation desks and process materials for inter-library loans.

  • Select substitute titles when requested materials are unavailable, following criteria such as age, education, and interests.

  • Classify and catalog items according to content and purpose.

  • Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.

  • Enter and update patrons' records on computers.

  • Review records, such as microfilm and issue cards, to identify titles of overdue materials and delinquent borrowers.

  • Operate small branch libraries, under the direction of off-site librarian supervisors.

  • Maintain records of items received, stored, issued, and returned and file catalog cards according to system used.

  • Instruct patrons on how to use reference sources, card catalogs, and automated information systems.

  • Plan or participate in library events and programs, such as story time with children.

  • Provide assistance to librarians in the maintenance of collections of books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, and audio-visual and other materials.

  • Manage reserve materials by placing items on reserve for library patrons, checking items in and out of library, and removing out-of-date items.

  • Repair books using mending tape, paste, and brushes or prepare books to be sent to a bindery for repair.

  • Maintain library equipment, such as photocopiers, scanners, and computers, and instruct patrons in proper use of such equipment.

  • Perform clerical activities, such as answering phones, sorting mail, filing, typing, word processing, and photocopying and mailing out material.

  • Take action to deal with disruptive or problem patrons.

  • Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment.

  • Send out notices and accept fine payments for lost or overdue books.

Technologies & Software

  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Microsoft Excel
  • C++
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft Access
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Perplexity AI
  • Microsoft Copilot
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Otter.ai
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • WorldCat
  • UiPath (RPA + AI)
  • Database software
  • Cataloging software
  • ResourceMate Plus
  • Video retrieval systems
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Web browser software
  • Notion AI
  • DeepSeek
  • Automated circulation systems
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Word processing software
  • Grammarly AI
  • Recordkeeping software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Grok (xAI)
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Napkin AI
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Zapier AI
  • Laminating machines
  • Microfilm readers
  • Magnifiers
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Mail opening equipment
  • Bookmobiles
  • Delivery vans
  • Barcode scanners
  • Microfiche printers
  • Multi function printers
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Handheld calculators
  • Personal readers
  • Laser printers
  • Microfiche readers
  • Braile embossers
  • Desktop computers
  • Scanners
  • Microfilm printers
  • Cash registers
  • Typewriters
  • Film projectors
  • Thermal book binders
  • Digital cameras
  • 10-key calculators
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Video teleconferencing systems
  • Laser facsimile machines