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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Substitute Librarian” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #616 of 702. Estimated risk: 95.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

51%

“Substitute Librarian” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 51% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Substitute Librarian” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Library Assistants, Clerical, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.

Avg. Annual Salary $37,910
Avg. Hourly Wage $18.22
Available Jobs (US) 80,070
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Library Assistants, Clerical #43-4121
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Library Assistants, Clerical”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Enter and update patrons' records on computers.

  • Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.

  • Deliver and retrieve items to and from departments by hand or using push carts.

  • Perform accounting and bookkeeping activities, such as invoicing, maintaining financial records, budgeting, and handling cash.

  • Manage reserve materials by placing items on reserve for library patrons, checking items in and out of library, and removing out-of-date items.

  • Assist in the preparation of book displays.

  • Instruct patrons on how to use reference sources, card catalogs, and automated information systems.

  • Inspect returned books for condition and due-date status and compute any applicable fines.

  • Schedule, supervise, and train clerical workers, volunteers, student assistants, and other library employees.

  • Acquire books, pamphlets, periodicals, audio-visual materials, and other library supplies by checking prices, figuring costs, and preparing appropriate order forms and facilitating the ordering process by providing such information to others.

  • Maintain records of items received, stored, issued, and returned and file catalog cards according to system used.

  • Plan or participate in library events and programs, such as story time with children.

  • Provide assistance to librarians in the maintenance of collections of books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, and audio-visual and other materials.

  • Perform clerical activities, such as answering phones, sorting mail, filing, typing, word processing, and photocopying and mailing out material.

  • Send out notices and accept fine payments for lost or overdue books.

  • Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures.

  • Register new patrons and issue borrower identification cards that permit patrons to borrow books and other materials.

  • Classify and catalog items according to content and purpose.

  • Operate and maintain audio-visual equipment.

  • Operate small branch libraries, under the direction of off-site librarian supervisors.

  • Design or maintain library web site and online catalogues.

  • Maintain library equipment, such as photocopiers, scanners, and computers, and instruct patrons in proper use of such equipment.

  • Lend, reserve, and collect books, periodicals, videotapes, and other materials at circulation desks and process materials for inter-library loans.

  • Review records, such as microfilm and issue cards, to identify titles of overdue materials and delinquent borrowers.

  • Take action to deal with disruptive or problem patrons.

  • Repair books using mending tape, paste, and brushes or prepare books to be sent to a bindery for repair.

  • Prepare, store, and retrieve classification and catalog information, lecture notes, or other information related to stored documents, using computers.

  • Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.

  • Prepare library statistics reports.

  • Process new materials including books, audio-visual materials, and computer software.

  • Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment.

  • Select substitute titles when requested materials are unavailable, following criteria such as age, education, and interests.

Technologies & Software

  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Zapier AI
  • Napkin AI
  • Cataloging software
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Microsoft Access
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Perplexity AI
  • WorldCat
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Video retrieval systems
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Word processing software
  • C++
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Web browser software
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • UiPath (RPA + AI)
  • Notion AI
  • Automated circulation systems
  • DeepSeek
  • Microsoft Copilot
  • Otter.ai
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Microsoft Word
  • Recordkeeping software
  • ResourceMate Plus
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Database software
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Grammarly AI
  • 10-key calculators
  • Barcode scanners
  • Laser facsimile machines
  • Laser printers
  • Mail opening equipment
  • Microfiche printers
  • Microfiche readers
  • Video teleconferencing systems
  • Braile embossers
  • Handheld calculators
  • Typewriters
  • Scanners
  • Delivery vans
  • Microfilm readers
  • Magnifiers
  • Cash registers
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Microfilm printers
  • Multi function printers
  • Personal readers
  • Multimedia projectors
  • Digital cameras
  • Thermal book binders
  • Bookmobiles
  • Desktop computers
  • Film projectors
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Laminating machines