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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Reference Assistant” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #616 of 702. Estimated risk: 95.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

51%

“Reference Assistant” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 51% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

39%

“Reference Assistant” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 39% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Library Assistants, Clerical, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.

Avg. Annual Salary $37,910
Avg. Hourly Wage $18.22
Available Jobs (US) 80,070
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Library Assistants, Clerical #43-4121
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Library Assistants, Clerical”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Deliver and retrieve items to and from departments by hand or using push carts.

  • Operate small branch libraries, under the direction of off-site librarian supervisors.

  • Plan or participate in library events and programs, such as story time with children.

  • Register new patrons and issue borrower identification cards that permit patrons to borrow books and other materials.

  • Process new materials including books, audio-visual materials, and computer software.

  • Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.

  • Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment.

  • Instruct patrons on how to use reference sources, card catalogs, and automated information systems.

  • Prepare, store, and retrieve classification and catalog information, lecture notes, or other information related to stored documents, using computers.

  • Maintain records of items received, stored, issued, and returned and file catalog cards according to system used.

  • Prepare library statistics reports.

  • Take action to deal with disruptive or problem patrons.

  • Classify and catalog items according to content and purpose.

  • Perform accounting and bookkeeping activities, such as invoicing, maintaining financial records, budgeting, and handling cash.

  • Provide assistance to librarians in the maintenance of collections of books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, and audio-visual and other materials.

  • Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.

  • Select substitute titles when requested materials are unavailable, following criteria such as age, education, and interests.

  • Schedule, supervise, and train clerical workers, volunteers, student assistants, and other library employees.

  • Review records, such as microfilm and issue cards, to identify titles of overdue materials and delinquent borrowers.

  • Operate and maintain audio-visual equipment.

  • Manage reserve materials by placing items on reserve for library patrons, checking items in and out of library, and removing out-of-date items.

  • Lend, reserve, and collect books, periodicals, videotapes, and other materials at circulation desks and process materials for inter-library loans.

  • Assist in the preparation of book displays.

  • Maintain library equipment, such as photocopiers, scanners, and computers, and instruct patrons in proper use of such equipment.

  • Enter and update patrons' records on computers.

  • Acquire books, pamphlets, periodicals, audio-visual materials, and other library supplies by checking prices, figuring costs, and preparing appropriate order forms and facilitating the ordering process by providing such information to others.

  • Send out notices and accept fine payments for lost or overdue books.

  • Perform clerical activities, such as answering phones, sorting mail, filing, typing, word processing, and photocopying and mailing out material.

  • Inspect returned books for condition and due-date status and compute any applicable fines.

  • Design or maintain library web site and online catalogues.

  • Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures.

  • Repair books using mending tape, paste, and brushes or prepare books to be sent to a bindery for repair.

Technologies & Software

  • Otter.ai
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • C++
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) databases
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Automated circulation systems
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • WorldCat
  • Zapier AI
  • Database software
  • DeepSeek
  • ResourceMate Plus
  • Word processing software
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Access
  • Grammarly AI
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Video retrieval systems
  • Recordkeeping software
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Microsoft Copilot
  • Notion AI
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Cataloging software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Web browser software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Perplexity AI
  • UiPath (RPA + AI)
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Napkin AI
  • Multi-line telephone systems
  • Multi function printers
  • Laser printers
  • Magnifiers
  • Handheld calculators
  • Laser facsimile machines
  • Cash registers
  • Scanners
  • Delivery vans
  • Thermal book binders
  • Video teleconferencing systems
  • Bookmobiles
  • Mail opening equipment
  • Braile embossers
  • Personal readers
  • 10-key calculators
  • Microfiche printers
  • Microfilm readers
  • Photocopying equipment
  • Barcode scanners
  • Microfilm printers
  • Laminating machines
  • Desktop computers
  • Digital cameras
  • Microfiche readers
  • Film projectors
  • Typewriters
  • Multimedia projectors