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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Journeyman Plumber” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #249 of 702. Estimated risk: 35.0%

Directly assessed by researchers as unlikely to be automatable
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AI Exposure Risk

44%

“Journeyman Plumber” will probably not be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 44% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

57%

“Journeyman Plumber” will maybe be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 57% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters.

Avg. Annual Salary $69,940
Avg. Hourly Wage $33.63
Available Jobs (US) 455,940
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters #47-2152
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Install pipe assemblies, fittings, valves, appliances such as dishwashers or water heaters, or fixtures such as sinks or toilets, using hand or power tools.

  • Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.

  • Maintain or repair plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing or mending broken pipes, or opening clogged drains.

  • Repair hydraulic or air pumps.

  • Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.

  • Operate motorized pumps to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, or facility floors.

  • Fill pipes or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observe pressure gauges to detect and locate leaks.

  • Install green plumbing equipment, such as faucet flow restrictors, dual-flush or pressure-assisted flush toilets, or tankless hot water heaters.

  • Inspect, examine, or test installed systems or pipe lines, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods.

  • Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.

  • Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.

  • Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.

  • Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.

  • Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.

  • Repair or remove and replace system components.

  • Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fueled systems, such as geothermal heating or cooling systems.

  • Install fixtures, appliances, or equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.

  • Anchor steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.

  • Plan pipe system layout, installation, or repair, according to specifications.

  • Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.

  • Modify, clean, or maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machines or equipment, using hand or power tools.

  • Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings, using hand or power tools.

  • Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials, such as supports, hangers, or hydraulic cylinders, according to specifications.

  • Install automatic controls to regulate pipe systems.

  • Weld small pipes or special piping, using specialized techniques, equipment, or materials, such as computer-assisted welding or microchip fabrication.

  • Keep records of work assignments.

  • Direct helpers engaged in pipe cutting, preassembly, or installation of plumbing systems or components.

  • Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.

  • Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs, to establish the sequence of pipe installations, or to plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.

  • Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.

Technologies & Software

  • Elite Software HSYM
  • Maintenance management software
  • ViziFlow
  • Database software
  • Vision InfoSoft Plumbing Bid Manager
  • Intuit QuickBooks
  • Estimating software
  • Elite Software Plumbing CAD
  • FastEST FastPipe
  • Bentley Systems AutoPIPE
  • PricePoint
  • Elite Software Sprinkler CAD
  • PipingOffice
  • Elite Software DPIPE
  • Job costing software
  • Drawing and drafting software
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Wintac Pro
  • Spreadsheet software
  • Piping construction costs estimation software
  • Heat loss calculation software
  • Elite Software Spipe
  • Wilhelm Publishing Threshold
  • Quicken
  • Atlas Construction Business Forms
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Pipepro Pipefitting
  • Computer aided design CAD software
  • Procore AI
  • Gemini for Workspace
  • Watter Hammer Software Hytran
  • KRS Enterprises Service First!
  • COADE CAESAR II
  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Quote Software QuoteExpress
  • Word processing software
  • Microsoft Word
  • Autodesk Building Systems
  • Autodesk Construction AI
  • Horizon Engineering Sigma Plumbing Calculator
  • Internet browser software
  • Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
  • Buildots AI
  • Elite Software FIRE
  • Klear Estimator
  • Email software
  • AEC Design Group CADPIPE
  • Insight Direct ServiceCEO
  • FastEST software
  • Bookkeeping software
  • Sectional drain cleaning machines
  • Straight-fluted pipe reamers
  • Water stoppers
  • Power spinners
  • Spud wrenches
  • Split bubble levels
  • Hole saws
  • Root ranger jetter nozzles
  • Direct current DC arc welder
  • Pipe cutters
  • Six-step faucet seat wrenches
  • Pneumatic pipe bevelers
  • Null locators
  • Impact screwdrivers
  • Impact hammers
  • Thread repair files
  • Mini hacksaws
  • Copper cutting machines
  • Cold chisels
  • Levels
  • Pulleys
  • Reciprocating saws
  • Air operated grinders
  • Non-contact infrared thermometers
  • Spiral ratchet pipe reamers
  • Reamers
  • Soil pipe cutters
  • Air wire brushes
  • Vacuum gauges
  • Pit depth gauges
  • Dumpy levels
  • Welding hoods
  • Plungers
  • Crescent wrenches
  • Polyvinyl chloride PVC cutters
  • Manlifts
  • Screwdrivers
  • Leak-testing gauges
  • Compound leverage wrenches
  • Ohmmeters
  • Bench yoke vises
  • Hammers
  • Pipe threaders
  • Welding clamps
  • Metal inert gas MIG welders
  • Gas leak detection devices
  • Seat wrenches
  • Tirfors
  • Generators
  • Drill presses
  • Laser printers
  • Quality control QC welders' gauges
  • Pipe taps
  • Portable welding machines
  • Shower valve socket wrenches
  • Magnetic circle layout tools
  • Hand spinners
  • Water pressure gauges
  • Vise grip pliers
  • Hole cutting tools
  • Slip joint pliers
  • Heat guns
  • Water jetters
  • Rotary hammers
  • Caulking guns
  • Welders
  • Amp meters
  • Video diagnostic tools
  • Pedestal sink wrenches
  • Wire tracers
  • Hydrostatic testers
  • Air-acetylene torches
  • Pipe flange aligners
  • Moisture meters
  • Cable saws
  • Allen wrenches
  • Scaffolding
  • Ultrasonic leak detectors
  • Mini tubing cutters
  • Maximum reading water pressure gauges
  • Shielded arc welding tools
  • Truck cranes
  • Rapwrenches
  • Offset pipe wrenches
  • Metal hand saws
  • Receding threaders
  • Chain tongs
  • Vertical bandsaws
  • Butane torches
  • Tube bending springs
  • Ratcheting polyvinyl chloride PVC cutters
  • Sewer tapes
  • Trenchers
  • Faucet stem and cartridge pullers
  • Skip loaders
  • Pry bars
  • Tungsten inert gas TIG welding equipment
  • Strap wrenches
  • Straight pipe wrenches
  • Crowbars
  • Stillson wrenches
  • Oilers
  • Two-hole pins
  • Shears
  • Direct tap machines
  • Plumb bobs
  • One stop wrenches
  • Vibration analyzers
  • Monkey wrench sets
  • Phillips head screwdrivers
  • Universal nut wrenches
  • Personal digital assistants PDA
  • Basin wrenches
  • Augers
  • Inner/outer reamers
  • Basket strainer wrenches
  • Winches
  • Plasma cutting guides
  • Tripod vises
  • Roll groovers
  • Adjustable slip lock nut wrenches
  • Alternating current AC welding equipment
  • Toilet augers
  • Trutest smoke detectors
  • Power drills
  • No hub torque wrenches
  • Pipe vises
  • Four-in-one keys
  • Three-way pipe threaders
  • Pipe fabrication shears
  • Internal wrenches
  • Water meter keys
  • Right-angle drills
  • Rasps
  • Water pump pliers
  • Pipe flaring tools
  • Cleanout plug wrenches
  • Box end wrenches
  • Magnetic locators
  • Deburring tools
  • Water pumps
  • Angle air grinders
  • Desktop computers
  • Explosimeters
  • Propane torches
  • Tuggers
  • Sump pumps
  • Circular saws
  • Mud pumps
  • Calipers
  • Strainer wrenches
  • Offset grinders
  • Hydraulic cranes
  • Flaring tools
  • Flat blade screwdrivers
  • Heavy duty water pressure gauges
  • Bolt cutters
  • Telescopic inspection mirrors
  • Cutting torches
  • Rubber strap wrenches
  • Pipe freezing kits
  • Torch cutter guides
  • Drain cleaning cables
  • Manual ratchet threader sets
  • Stands
  • Pipe extractors
  • Hydraulic valve turners
  • Pressure gauges
  • Gasket cutters
  • Bench chain vises
  • Pop-up plug wrenches
  • Ball peen hammers
  • Tristand chain vises
  • Power sink machine drain cleaners
  • Water heater element removal wrenches
  • Tubing cutters
  • Water samplers
  • Combination squares
  • Safety harnesses
  • Brazing equipment
  • Chain falls
  • Pipe threading machines
  • Channel lock pliers
  • Bibb seat tools
  • Personal computers
  • Tube crimping tools
  • Power hammers
  • Power hacksaws
  • Bandsaws
  • Pneumatic wire brushes
  • Hand tachometers
  • Flat head screwdrivers
  • Telescoping basin wrenches
  • Radius markers
  • Wide roll pipe cutters
  • Adjustable wrenches
  • Manual pipe benders
  • Metal cutting taps
  • Plastic nut basin wrenches
  • Framing squares
  • Notebook computers
  • Forklifts
  • Seat dressers
  • Pressurized water pigs
  • Tapping tools
  • Torpedo levels
  • Rodders
  • Power pipe threading machines
  • Single-cut mill saw files
  • Centering head tools
  • Laser alignment tools
  • Utility pumps
  • Heavy duty drain cleaning machines
  • Air pressure gauges
  • Pipe welding vises
  • Oxyacetylene welding equipment
  • Metal cutting dies
  • Ratcheting box wrenches
  • Hollow core socket wrenches
  • Pipeline jacks
  • Claw hammers
  • Line locators
  • Locking pliers
  • Pipe bending mandrels
  • Flow gauges
  • Diagonal cutting pliers
  • Pedestal grinders
  • Jam-proof ratchet threaders
  • Portable grinders
  • Swaging tools
  • Loaders
  • Backhoes
  • Hex wrenches
  • Acetylene torches
  • Transmitters
  • Chain wrenches
  • Impact wrenches
  • Air compressors
  • Pipe wrenches
  • Shut-off keys
  • Rebar locators
  • Dump trucks
  • Measuring tapes
  • Pipe bending tools
  • Tin snips
  • Faucet handle pullers
  • Tablet computers
  • Tub drain removers
  • Hand hacksaws
  • Lathes
  • Material-hoisting slings
  • Pocket levels
  • Sewage pumps
  • Utility knives
  • End pipe wrenches
  • Pavement stompers
  • Threading machine die heads
  • Automatic levels
  • Transit levels
  • Staple guns
  • Hacksaws
  • Block and tackle equipment
  • Compression sleeve pullers
  • Soldering equipment
  • Ladders
  • Pipe lasers
  • Polyvinyl chloride PVC saws
  • Plastic pipe/conduit die heads
  • Power pipe cutters
  • Comprehensive water gauges
  • Jackhammers
  • Laser levels
  • Light pickup trucks
  • Stationary grinders
  • Drophead dies
  • Nylon strap wrenches
  • Inductive clamps
  • Two way radios

Alternative Job Titles