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Automation Risk Analysis

Will “Enroute Air Traffic Controller (Enroute ATC)” be Automated?

Historical Context: Oxford Study (2013)

Ranked #178 of 702. Estimated risk: 11.0%

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AI Exposure Risk

57%

“Enroute Air Traffic Controller (Enroute ATC)” will maybe be replaced by AI.

Based on the cognitive demands, communication requirements, and logical reasoning intrinsic to this occupation according to O*NET data, we project a 57% probability of disruption by generative AI and Large Language Models.

Automation & Robot Risk

43%

“Enroute Air Traffic Controller (Enroute ATC)” will probably not be replaced by robots.

Evaluating the physical dexterity, repetitive motion tasks, and manual labor associated with this role, our analysis indicates a 43% likelihood of substitution by advanced robotics systems.

Personal & Financial Insights

Every occupation has a unique profile. For Air Traffic Controllers, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET classify the day-to-day work broadly as: Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport, and movement of air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers, according to established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to government or company regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety.

Avg. Annual Salary $142,740
Avg. Hourly Wage $68.62
Available Jobs (US) 22,400
Job Title & Hierarchy Code (SOC) Air Traffic Controllers #53-2021
Wage vs. National Median
ℹ️

Data is based on the reference occupation: “Air Traffic Controllers”

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Core Skills & Abilities

  • Review records or reports for clarity and completeness and maintain records or reports, as required under federal law.

  • Provide on-the-job training to new air traffic controllers.

  • Alert airport emergency services in cases of emergency or when aircraft are experiencing difficulties.

  • Initiate or coordinate searches for missing aircraft.

  • Inspect, adjust, or control radio equipment or airport lights.

  • Issue landing and take-off authorizations or instructions.

  • Monitor aircraft within a specific airspace, using radar, computer equipment, or visual references.

  • Determine the timing or procedures for flight vector changes.

  • Transfer control of departing flights to traffic control centers and accept control of arriving flights.

  • Analyze factors such as weather reports, fuel requirements, or maps to determine air routes.

  • Direct pilots to runways when space is available or direct them to maintain a traffic pattern until there is space for them to land.

  • Check conditions and traffic at different altitudes in response to pilots' requests for altitude changes.

  • Relay air traffic information, such as courses, altitudes, or expected arrival times, to control centers.

  • Complete daily activity reports and keep records of messages from aircraft.

  • Compile information about flights from flight plans, pilot reports, radar, or observations.

  • Contact pilots by radio to provide meteorological, navigational, or other information.

  • Monitor or direct the movement of aircraft within an assigned air space or on the ground at airports to minimize delays and maximize safety.

  • Direct ground traffic, including taxiing aircraft, maintenance or baggage vehicles, or airport workers.

  • Conduct pre-flight briefings on weather conditions, suggested routes, altitudes, indications of turbulence, or other flight safety information.

  • Organize flight plans or traffic management plans to prepare for planes about to enter assigned airspace.

  • Provide flight path changes or directions to emergency landing fields for pilots traveling in bad weather or in emergency situations.

  • Maintain radio or telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units, or other area control centers to coordinate aircraft movement.

  • Inform pilots about nearby planes or potentially hazardous conditions, such as weather, speed and direction of wind, or visibility problems.

Technologies & Software

  • ChatGPT (OpenAI)
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Enterprise resource planning ERP software
  • Claude (Anthropic)
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Direct-to-tool software
  • Automated radar terminal systems ARTS
  • Microsoft Word
  • Multi-center traffic management advisor McTMA
  • DeepSeek
  • Really Simple Syndication RSS
  • Center TRACON automation systems CTAS
  • Gemini (Google)
  • Qwen (Alibaba)
  • En route descent advisor EDA
  • Nova (Amazon)
  • Project44 AI Logistics
  • Tesla Autopilot
  • Waymo (Autonomous Driving)
  • Gatik AI
  • Flight simulation software
  • SAP software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Final approach spacing tool FAST
  • Advanced technologies and oceanic procedures ATOP
  • Mistral (Mistral AI)
  • Kimi (Moonshot AI)
  • Llama (Meta)
  • Microsoft Access
  • Expedite departure path EDP software
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Grok (xAI)
  • Mobileye AI
  • Adobe Acrobat
  • Traffic management advisor TMA software
  • Controller pilot datalink communication CPDC systems
  • Long range navigation systems LRNS
  • Ultra high frequency UHF radio communication systems
  • Very high frequency VHF radio communication systems
  • High frequency HF radio communications systems
  • Frequency modulation FM two way radios
  • Local area augmentation systems LAAS
  • Airport surface detection equipment ASDE systems
  • Mainframe computers
  • Differential global positioning system DGPS surveillance systems
  • Wide area augmentation systems WAAS
  • Standard terminal automation replacement systems STARS
  • Flight simulators
  • Area navigation RNAV systems
  • Global positioning system GPS surveillance systems
  • Distance measuring equipment DME
  • Precision runway monitor PRM
  • Transponder landing systems TLS
  • Microwave landing systems MLS
  • Airport surveillance radar ASR systems
  • Automatic direction finder ADF radio systems
  • Binoculars
  • Nondirectional radio beacon markers
  • Digital airport surveillance radar DASR systems
  • Personal computers
  • Air route surveillance radar ARSR systems
  • Desktop computers
  • Mode S radar systems